英语句式结构有哪些

1. 英语句式结构有哪些

从英语的句子结构上说，除了修饰名词的定语和修饰动词的状语外，在千变万化的句子中可归纳为五个基本句式，下面老师给你分别介绍一下：
1.Subject (主语) ＋ Verb (谓语)
这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，这些动词常见的有：appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise等等。
如：The students work very hard.
2.Subject (主语) ＋ Link. V(系动词) ＋ Predicate(表语)
这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类：
(1)表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain等等。
如：This kind of food tastes terrible.
(2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove等等。
如：The facts prove true.事实证明是正确的。
3.Subject(主语) ＋ Verb (谓语) ＋ Object (宾语)
这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。
如：You can put the books in your bag.
I prefer to make web pages.
4.Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋ Indirect object(间接宾语)＋Direct object (直接宾语)
这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指"人"，直接宾语常常指"物"。这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：
1)动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ for sb.
2)动词 ＋ 宾语＋to sb.
如：Please show me your picture./Please show your picture to me.
5. Subject(主语)＋Verb (动词)＋Object (宾语)＋Complement(补语)
这种句型中的宾语＋补语可统称为"复合宾语"。
如：Keep the children quiet, please.
请让孩子们安静下来。

2. 英语句式几种基本结构是什么？

一、句型1： Subject (主语) + Verb (谓语)
这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如：
1、 Li Ming works very hard.
李明学习很努力。
2、The accident happened yesterday afternoon.
事故是昨天下午发生的。
二、句型2：Subject (主语) + Link. V(系动词) + Predicate(表语)
这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。
其系动词主要有以下几种：：
1、状态系动词，表主语状态，最常见的是be。
He is a teacher.
他是一位老师。
2、感官动词常可以用作系动词。如feel, smell, sound, taste, touch等。
This flower smells very nice.
这花闻起来很不错。
3、持续性动词,表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度。常翻译为“仍然是”“保持”等。如keep, rest, remain, stay, lie等。
He always keeps silent at class.
他在课堂上总是保持沉默。
4、变化系动词, 表示主语变成什么样。如become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run等。
He became fat in winter holiday.
寒假他胖了。

三、句型3：Subject(主语) + Verb (谓语) + Object (宾语)
这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例：
1、He took his bag and left.(名词) 
他拿着书包离开了。
2、Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)
当我遇到困难时，李雷总能给我帮助。
3、She plans to travel in the coming May Day.(不定式)
她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。
4、I don’t know what I should do next. (从句)
我不知道下一步该干什么。
注意：英语中的许多动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。
四、句型4： Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+ Indirect object(间接宾语)+Direct object (直接宾语)
这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如：
1、Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.
她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。
2、The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.
老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。
上述句子还可以表达为：
1、Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.
2、The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.
五、句型5： Subject(主语)+Verb (动词)+Object (宾语)+Complement(补语)
这种句型中的“宾语 + 补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：
1、You should keep the room clean and tidy. 
你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。(形容词)
2、We made him our monitor.(名词)
我们选他当班长。
3、His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)
他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。
4、My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.(现在分词)
5、Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.(过去分词)
常见的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。
注意：*使役动词have, make, let, 以及感官动词see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，省去to。如：
1、The boss made him do the work all day.
老板让他整天做那项工作。
2、 I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.
昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上。
但当这两类动词用于被动语态时，to要还原。如：
1、We often see him play football
---He is often seen to play football by us.
2、The boss made his workers work 12 hours a day.
---The workers were made to work 12 hours a day by the boss.

3. 英语句式结构

英语五大基本句型
   基本概念：与汉语相似，英语句子是由主语(subject), 谓语动词(verb),宾语(object), 表语(predicative),状语(adverbial),宾语补足语(object complement)等成分组成，按照这些成分的组合方式英语句子可分为五种基本句型。
句型一：主语+不及物动词
   不及物动词本身就可以表达完整的意念， 不需要宾语及补语， 但有时可有副词， 介词短语等状语修饰语。
 e.g. The rain stopped . 
The old man walks in the park . 
句型一的扩展：1.主语+不及物动词+状语
e.g. The machine  works  smoothly. (机器运转正常。)
2.There +不及物动词+主语
e.g. There is some milk in the bottle . 
There comes the bus . 
3. 主语+不及物动词+ 动词不定式
e.g. They stopped to take a short rest . (他们停下来稍作休息)
特别提醒
动词stop 可用作不及物动词，也可用作及物动词。作不及物动词时, 通常后接动词不定式,表示停下来的目的是做另一件事。作及物动词时，通常后接动名词,表示停止做这件事。
e.g. They stopped taking a rest . 
 
句型二 ：主语+系动词+表语
 系动词本身不能表达完整的意念没，需要形容词，名词，介词短语等来补充说明主语，也叫主语补语。
e.g. My sister is a nurse .
   I feel quite hungry . 
   The ball is  under the desk . 
句型三：主语+及物动词+宾语
及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者（宾语），才可以表达一个完整的意念。
e.g. We are learning English .
Do you know him ?
Your radio needs repairing .
She  hopes  to see her uncle. 
句型四：主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 
有些及物动词需要两个宾语才能表达一个完整意念。
e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt.
   Give me the book, please.
特别提醒
  A. 在此句型中， 通常是间接宾语（人）在前，直接宾语（物）在后，有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调，这时间接宾语前应加上适当的介词。
e.g. Her mother bought a skirt for her . 
   Give the book to me , please . 
  直接宾语与间接宾语对调时，间接宾语前加介词to的动词有：
give(给), tell(告诉) , lend(借给) , sell(卖), teach(教) , send(寄给), write(写给), show(出示) , return(还给), bring(带给), pass(递给), leave(留给), offer(提供), hand(交给) 
间接宾语前加介词for的动词有：
buy(买), choose(选择), get (弄到), make(做), order(订购), sing (唱歌), do (做), play(演奏) 
B. 如果直接宾语为人称代词那么必须把直接宾放在间接宾语前，且间接宾语前要加上适当的介词。
e.g.  I handed it to our teacher . 
不能说：I handed our teacher it .
C. 此句型变为被动语态时，可分为两种情况。
e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt .
  a. She was bought a skirt by her mother .
b. A skirt was bought for her by her mother. 
句型五：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
及物动词本身需要一个宾语外， 还需要一个名词，形容词，副词, 动词不定式，分词来补充说明宾语，才能表达一个完整的意念。
e.g. We elected Li Yang our monitor.
    The news made us sad. 
    She saw the thief steal into the shop .
    The teacher asked me to answer the question .
    I found the man stealing the money .
    I found my money stolen .
特别提醒
  A. 现在分词为宾语补足语时，宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系；过去分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。
B. 在let(让)，make(使得)，have（请，让，使得），see(看)，hear(听到)，watch(观看)，feel(感觉到)，listen to (倾听)，look at (看到)，notice(注意到)等动词后的宾语补足语如果为不定式， 则省掉”to”,但变为被动语态时， 则要带”to”.
e.g. We hear her sing next door.
She is heard to sing next door .
C. 此句型变为被动语态时，只有一种情况。
e.g. They saw him steal the old man’s money. 
   He was seen to steal the old man’s money .

4. 英语句式结构

[思路分析]
绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下： 
S十V主谓结构
S十V十F主系表结构
S十V十O主谓宾结构
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 
说明：S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语 
[解题过程]

五个基本句式详细解释如下：
1．S十V句式
在此句式中，V是不及物动词，又叫自动词(vi．)。例如：
He runs quickly．
他跑得快。
They listened carefully．
他们听得很仔细。
He suffered from cold and hunger．
他挨冻受饿。
China belongs to the third world country．
中国属于第三世界国家。
The gas has given out．
煤气用完了。
My ink has run out．
我的钢笔水用完了。
2．S十V十P句式
在此句式中，V是系动词(link v．)，常见的系动词有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。例如：
He is older than he looks．
他比看上去要老。
He seen interested in the book．
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。
The story sounds interesting．
这个故事听起来有趣。
The desk feels hard．
书桌摸起来很硬。
The cake tastes nice．
饼尝起来很香。
The flowers smell sweet and nicc．
花闻起来香甜。
You have grown taller than before．
你长得比以前高了。
He has suddenly fallen ill．
他突然病倒了。
He stood quite still．
他静静地站看。
He becomes a teacher when he grew up．
他长大后当了教师。
He could never turn traitor to his country．
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。
注意：有些动词同时也是及物动词，可构成SVO句式，例如：
He looked me up and down．
他上下打量我。
He reached his hand to feel the elephant．
他伸出手来摸象。
They are tasting the fish．
他们在品尝鱼。
They grow rice in their home town．
他们在家乡种水稻。
He's got a chair to sit on．
他有椅子坐。
Please turn the sentence into English．
请把这个句于泽成英语。
3．S十V十O句式
在此句式中，V是及物动词(vt．)，因此有宾语。例如：
I saw a film yesterday．
我昨天看了一部电影。 
Have you read the story?
你读过这个故事吗?
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。
The story sounds interesting．
这个故事听起来有趣。
The desk feels hard．
书桌摸起来很硬。
The cake tastes nice．
饼尝起来很香。
The flowers smell sweet and nicc．
花闻起来香甜。
You have grown taller than before．
你长得比以前高了。
He has suddenly fallen ill．
他突然病倒了。
He stood quite still．
他静静地站看。
He becomes a teacher when he grew up．
他长大后当了教师。
He could never turn traitor to his country．
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。
注意：有些动词同时也是及物动词，可构成SVO句式，例如：
He looked me up and down．
他上下打量我。
He reached his hand to feel the elephant．
他伸出手来摸象。
They are tasting the fish．
他们在品尝鱼。
They grow rice in their home town．
他们在家乡种水稻。
He's got a chair to sit on．
他有椅子坐。
Please turn the sentence into English．
请把这个句于泽成英语。
3．S十V十O句式
在此句式中，V是及物动词(vt．)，因此有宾语。例如：
I saw a film yesterday．
我昨天看了一部电影。 
Have you read the story?
你读过这个故事吗?
They found their home easily．
他们很容易找到他们的家。
They built a house last year．
他们去年建了一所房子。
They've put up a factory in the village．
他们在村里建了一座工厂。
They have taken good care of the children．
这些孩子他们照看得很好。
You should look after your children well．
你应该好好照看你的孩子。
4．S十V十O1十O2句式
在此句式中，V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get；rob，warn等。例如：
He gave me a book/a book to me．
他给我一本书。
He brought me a pen/a pen to me．
他带给我一枝钢笔。
He offered me his seat/his seat to me．
他把座位让给我。
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化：
Mother bought me a book/a book for me.
妈妈给我买了一本书。
He got me a chair/a chair for me．
他给我弄了一把椅子。
Please do me a favor/a favor for me．
请帮我一下。
He asked me a question/a question of me．
他问我个问题。
注意，下边动词只有一种说法：
They robbed the old man of his money．
他们抢了老人的钱。
He's warned me of the danger.
他警告我注意危险。
The doctor has cured him of his disease．
医生治好了他的病。
We must rid the house of th erats．
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。
They deprived him of his right to speak．
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。
5．S十V十O十C句式
在此句式中，V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多，哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补，须根据动词的惯用法而定，不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。
They made the girl angry．
他们使这个女孩生气了。
They found her happy that day．
他们发现那天她很高兴。
I found him out．
我发现他出去了。
I saw him in．
我见他在家。
They saw a foot mark in the sand．
他们发现沙地上有脚印。
They named the boy Charlie．
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。
I saw him come in and go out．
我见他进来又出去。
They felt the car moving fast．
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。
I heard the glass broken just now．
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。
He found the doctor of study closed to him．
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。

5. 英语句式结构

那种句式啊？
英语句型结构

一．简单句：
英语基本句型-1
主系表结构：本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。
系动词有:
1.表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound;
2.表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;
3.表示状态变化的become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow;
eg: Our English teacher is thirty years old.
The cake tastes delicious. 
The potatoes went bad in the fields.
Deep water stays still.
He was at work.
She is in good health.
It is beyond my ability.
I was at a loss.
You are under arrest.

英语基本句型-2
主谓结构：本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。
如：The sun rises.
   Tom has already left. 
主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。
如: 1. The red sun rises in the east.
2. They had to travel by air or boat.
3. She sat there alone.
4. He came back when we were eating.
5. Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake。

英语基本句型-3
主谓宾结构:本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。
如：1. Tom made a hole in the wall.
    2. I don’t know if he can come tomorrow.
    3. They haven’t decided where to go next.
    4. She stopped teaching English two years ago.

英语基本句型-4
 双宾语结构：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。如： He brings me cookies every day.
但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。如： He brings cookies to me every day.
She made a beautiful dress for me.
用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。
用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。
常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；
（需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。

英语基本句型-5
 复合宾语结构: 此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语补足语用来补充和说明宾语的性质和特点，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。
如： The sun keeps us warm.      
 I heard him singing.
They made Tom monitor.
He used to do his homework with his radio on.
My mother asked me to clean my room.
The teacher made all students finish their homework on time.
 用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如：
I found it very pleasant to be with your family.
也可以说 I found it was pleasant to be with your family. 它们的区别在于第一个是简单句第二个是复合句，意思都是一样的。

英语基本句型-6 
  There be 句型： 此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“……有……”。 它其实是全倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等，但一般不用have。如：
    There stands a hill in the middle of the park.
    Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.
    Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：
    现在有   there is/are …       
    过去有   there was/were…    
    将来有   there will be…；there is /are going to be...
    现在已经有  there has/have been…           
    可能有  there might be...
    肯定有  there must be …/there must have been...   
    过去曾经有  there used to be …
    似乎有  there seems/seem/seemed to be …         
碰巧有  there happen/happens/happened to be …
Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 
The weatherman says there’ll be a strong wind in the afternoon. 
There used to be a cinema here before the war. 

二．并列句。
结构：
1.由分号连接。
eg. Some people cry; others laugh.
Let’s start early; we have a long way to go.
2.由并列连词及词组连接-——and/ but /or/ so / however / still/ therefore /yet /while /otherwise /for /both…and…/not only…but also…/as well as/
or else/ either…or…/neither…nor…/not…but…等。
eg: I’d like to, but I have lots of homework to do.
I’ve got a cold, so I’m going to bed.
Both my father and mother are teachers.
It’s very good, yet I don’t like it.

三、复合句
构成：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句和从句都有完整的主谓结构，但主句是全局的主体，从句只是全句中的一个成分，不能独立存在。从句通常是用引导词来引导的，引导词起连接主句和从句的作用。
分类：名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句），形容词性从句（定语从句），副词性从句（状语从句）。

1. 主语从句(Subject Clause)
一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语,那么这个句子就是主语从句.
1）常规主语从句，句子在复合句中充当主语 
  That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.
  Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.
  Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.
  Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.
  What caused the accident remains unknown.
  Whatever you did is right.
  Whose watch was lost is unknown.
  What we need is time.
   小结:
（1)引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等
（2)连词位于句首不能省略
（3)主语从句大多数情况下视为三人称单数。
注意：为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在主语位置，真正主语搁置于句末
It is certain that he will win the match.
It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.
It is strange that he should do that.
It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai) 
It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese. 
It is suggested that the work should be done with great care.
It seems that he has seen the film.(=He seems to have seen the film)
It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there)
小结:
（1)以that 引出的主语从句,常以形式主语it引导. It is +形容词/名词/某些动词ed + that 从句.
（2) 在有些that从句中要用虚拟语气 (should+do/should+have done)

2.表语从句
定义： 
表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。
The problem is puzzling.
主语 连系动词 形容词作表语
The problem is when we can get a pay rise.
主语 连系动词 一个句子作表语---表语从句
连接表语从句的连接词有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why,  whether,how.
He has become a teacher.
He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.
She has remained there for an hour.
She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour.
His suggestion is good.
His suggestion is that we should stay calm.
The question is confusing.
The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
Who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.
Why he cried yesterday.
How I can persuade her to join us in the party.
注意：
1.表语从句一定要用陈述语序。
False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.
Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
2.不用if，而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外）。
False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.
Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.
Right: It looked as if he had understood this question.
3.像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。
Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.
Right: The question is why he cried yesterday.
4.that 在表语从句中不能省掉。

3. 宾语从句
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.
 构成:带有宾语从句的复合句就是用连接词把一个主句和一个宾语从句连接在一起。连接词有：that(可省略)，what, who, when, where, why, which, if, whether, how.
He suggested (that) we should clean the corridor every day.
宾语
He told me (that) he would leave Dalian airport at 8pm.
       间接宾语           直接宾语
He told me where he was going to travel that summer.
间接宾语            直接宾语
He told that he would go to the college the next year.
I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.
Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.
Do you know who has won Red Alert game?
I don’t know whom you should depend on.
The book will show you what the best CEOs know.
Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?
He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.
Could you please tell me how you read the new book?
None of us knows where these can be bought.
注意：
1.用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.
I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 
We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater. 
②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it
这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.
I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.
He will have it that our plan is really practical.
We take it that you will agree with us.
2.介词的宾语从句
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.
有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.
3.形容词的宾语从句
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure, certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
I am sure I will pass the exam.
I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.
He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.
4. if,whether在宾语从句中的区别
whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.
在不定式前只能用whether.
I can’t decide whether to stay.
⑤避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.
5.宾语从句的否定转移
动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.
I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?
如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.
We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?
6.宾语从句的时态和语序
当主句为现在时或将来时的时候,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.
当主句为过去时的时候,从句用相应的过去时态
I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn’t know what country he was in.
He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.
He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.
The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.
如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时候不根据主句的时态而变化
The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.
当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时,不能按正常语序安排,经常将这类引导词置于句首
Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?
7.建议 suggest , advise 
 要求demand 、desire、require、request、propose； 
 决定 decide; 
 命令 order、command; 
 坚决主张 insist;等动词后跟宾语从句，用（should）+v．（虚拟语气） 
 eg． I suggested that you（should）study hard． 
 He ordered that we should go out at once． 

4.同位语从句
一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。如： 
 I heard the news that our team had won．
 I had no idea that you were here．
二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。如： 
 I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon．
三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that，whether，连接副词 how,when,where等。（注：if,which 不能引导同位语从句。）如： 
l have no idea When he will be back． 
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 
四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。 如： 
Several years later，word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them． 
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city．

6. 英语中常用句式结构

句子的成分 
     在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语等 
（一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如： 
   1. Comrade Chen is a well-known scientist.  
     陈同志是著名的科学家。（名词作主语） 
   2. He reads newspapers every day .  
     他每天读报。（代词作主语） 
   3. Smoking is harmful to the health .  
     吸烟对健康有害。（动名词作主语） 
   4. To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure .  
     在昆明湖里游泳是非常愉快的事。（不定式作主语） 
   5. What we shall do next is not yet decided .  
     下一步我们做什么还没定下来。（主语从句作主语） 
（二）谓语 
     说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 
     如：His parents are teachers .  
     （系动词和表语一起作谓语） 
     We study hard . （行为动词作谓语） 
     We have finished reading the book.  
     （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） 
     He can speak English .  
     （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）

7. 英语句式结构

英语五大基本句型
  基本概念：与汉语相似,英语句子是由主语(subject),谓语动词(verb),宾语(object),表语(predicative),状语(adverbial),宾语补足语(object complement)等成分组成,按照这些成分的组合方式英语句子可分为五种基本句型.
  句型一：主语+不及物动词
  不及物动词本身就可以表达完整的意念,不需要宾语及补语,但有时可有副词,介词短语等状语修饰语.
  e.g.The rain stopped .
  The old man walks in the park .
  句型一的扩展：1.主语+不及物动词+状语
  e.g.The machine works smoothly.(机器运转正常.)
  2.There +不及物动词+主语
  e.g.There is some milk in the bottle .
  There comes the bus .
  3.主语+不及物动词+ 动词不定式
  e.g.They stopped to take a short rest .(他们停下来稍作休息)
  特别提醒
  动词stop 可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词.作不及物动词时,通常后接动词不定式,表示停下来的目的是做另一件事.作及物动词时,通常后接动名词,表示停止做这件事.
  e.g.They stopped taking a rest .
  句型二 ：主语+系动词+表语
  系动词本身不能表达完整的意念没,需要形容词,名词,介词短语等来补充说明主语,也叫主语补语.
  e.g.My sister is a nurse .
  I feel quite hungry .
  The ball is under the desk .
  句型三：主语+及物动词+宾语
  及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者（宾语）,才可以表达一个完整的意念.
  e.g.We are learning English .
  Do you know him 
  Your radio needs repairing .
  She hopes to see her uncle.
  句型四：主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 
  有些及物动词需要两个宾语才能表达一个完整意念.
  e.g.Her mother bought her a skirt.
  Give me the book,please.
  特别提醒
  A.在此句型中,通常是间接宾语（人）在前,直接宾语（物）在后,有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调,这时间接宾语前应加上适当的介词.
  e.g.Her mother bought a skirt for her .
  Give the book to me ,please .
  直接宾语与间接宾语对调时,间接宾语前加介词to的动词有：
  give(给),tell(告诉) ,lend(借给) ,sell(卖),teach(教) ,send(寄给),write(写给),show(出示) ,return(还给),bring(带给),pass(递给),leave(留给),offer(提供),hand(交给) 
  间接宾语前加介词for的动词有：
  buy(买),choose(选择),get (弄到),make(做),order(订购),sing (唱歌),do (做),play(演奏) 
  B.如果直接宾语为人称代词那么必须把直接宾放在间接宾语前,且间接宾语前要加上适当的介词.
  e.g.I handed it to our teacher .
  不能说：I handed our teacher it .
  C.此句型变为被动语态时,可分为两种情况.
  e.g.Her mother bought her a skirt .
  a.She was bought a skirt by her mother .
  b.A skirt was bought for her by her mother.
  句型五：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
  及物动词本身需要一个宾语外,还需要一个名词,形容词,副词,动词不定式,分词来补充说明宾语,才能表达一个完整的意念.
  e.g.We elected Li Yang our monitor.
  The news made us sad.
  She saw the thief steal into the shop .
  The teacher asked me to answer the question .
  I found the man stealing the money .
  I found my money stolen .
  特别提醒
  A.现在分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系；过去分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系.
  B.在let(让),make(使得),have（请,让,使得）,see(看),hear(听到),watch(观看),feel(感觉到),listen to (倾听),look at (看到),notice(注意到)等动词后的宾语补足语如果为不定式,则省掉”to”,但变为被动语态时,则要带”to”.
  e.g.We hear her sing next door.
  She is heard to sing next door .
  C.此句型变为被动语态时,只有一种情况.
  e.g.They saw him steal the old man’s money.
  He was seen to steal the old man’s money .

8. 英语的句式结构

1。我认为是完全倒装，正常句子应为：
More than 100 small regions  are scattered around the glob。
现把全部谓语（包括状语）“are scattered  around thet glob”（写成 scattered around the glob are ）放在主语 “more than 100 small  regions”之前。这难道不是倒装？
一百多个小区域（被）分散在全球各处。
2。因为本句为被动态，只能用过去分词，现在分词、动名词自然不能用。
3。关于动名词和过去分词只能简单地说两句。
   动名词的字形与现在分词完全一样，它一身兼有动词和名词两种性质，所以可以作主语、宾语（谓语动词、介词）、表语，同时它还可以有宾语：
 Swimming strengthens our energy。
 I like singing。
 I am fond of dancing， too。
 The bad deed is gambling（gambling 动名词），（The bad man is gambling。现在分词）
 This is the way of solving problems。（problems  是solving 的宾语）
 We have the determination of completing the plan。(the plan 是 completing 的宾语）
过去分词兼有动词和形容词两种性质，在构成完成式、被动态中必须用到（不给例句了）。可以作形容词用。
 The wounded sportsman can not walk   now。受了伤的
 He iwas in rather  worn clothes         被磨损了的——破旧的
  This is the book written by him。   被他写
 He handed me a parcel wraped up in an old newspaper。 被包裹
在它包含的动词性中，是有被动和已经发生过的意思。
 boiled water             （被）煮开过的水——开水
 the changed world    已经起了变化的世界 
我想很多内容你都是已经知道的，恕我不多说了。