名词性从句的用法

1. 名词性从句的用法

名词性从句就是句子担任名词性的成分，如主语，宾语，表语，同位语。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
  1. 主语从句
    （1）What he said is true.
    （2）When they will arrive is not known yet. 
    （3）That he succeeded in doing the experiment was encouraging. 
    （4）Whether he will accept the invitation remains a secret. 
    （5）It is important that we should learn English well. 
  2. 宾语从句
    （1）I don't know if he has done the work. 
    （2）Did he say that he liked football ? 
    （3）They expected that they would be given another chance. 
    （4）The girl told me that she had longed to visit China. 
  3. 表语从句
    （1）The question is whether we have enough time to do the experiment again. 
    （2）His greatest wish was that someday he would become a general. 
    （3）His suggestion was that we should discuss the plan carefully. 
    （4）My question is when they can finish the work. 
  4. 同位语从句
    （1）You have no idea how eager they are to know the result. 
    （2）He made a suggestion that the work should be given to him. 
    （3）Have you heard the news that Premire Wen visited our school last Friday ？
    （4）The fact that he got full mark in the composition made his parents very happy. 
    
名词性从句主要从以下几点把握：
  1. 语序。从句一定要是陈述语序。如：
    （1）These pictures will show you what the village looks like now.
    （2）How many guests will be invited isn’t decided yet.
  2. 时态。宾语从句的时态需要和主句进行协调。如主句是过去时，从句要用相应的过去时。
    （1）He told me that he had seen the film.
    （2）They said they would spend their holiday in Hainan.
    （3）Father said he was carrying out an important project.
    （4）Did you know where the accident took place ?
  3. 连词。引导名词性从句的连词分为三种：连词 that, whether, if （在主语、表语、同位语从句中用 whether 不用if ）；连接代词 who, whom, whose, which, what 等; 连接副词 when, where, how, why 等。
    （1）Whether the team has won the game is not announced yet. （主语从句）
    （2）How many people will take part in the competition will be known soon. （主语从句）
    （3）My idea is that we should spend our holidays by the seaside. （表语从句）
    （4）My question is how they finished the work in such a short time. （表语从句）
    （5）Many people are shocked at the news that there are so many SARS cases in Beijing. （同位语从句）
    （6）His suggestion that we should discuss the plan again has been received. （同位语从句）
    （7）I didn’t know if they had seen the film. （宾语从句）
    （8）We haven’t decided when we’ll start the project.  （宾语从句）
  4. 形式主语和形式宾语的应用：
    当主语从句比较长，主句比较短时，通常用形式主语it，而把从句放在后面，如：
    （1）It is said that they have succeeded in working out the problem. 
    （2）It was important that we should make the plan carefully. 
    （3）It remains a secret how the animals came to live in the sea. 
    当宾语从句后面有补语的时候,我们也需要用形式宾语it, 而将宾语从句放在补语之后,如：
    （1）I found it very difficult that one learns several languages at the same time. 
    （2）He thinks it necessary that we should be given more time practising oral English. 
    （3）He made it clear that he would leave the office soon. 
5. 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用: 在demand， insist， suggest， command， require， request， order， propose 等表示命令， 要求，请求，建议等意义的动词后，宾语从句要用虚拟语气，动词形式为: should do ， should 可省，直接用动词原形，如:
    （1）He suggested that we （should） go outing this weekend. 
    （2）The Emperor ordered that the clothes （should） be made for him at once. 
    （3）He insisted that we （should） stay for lunch. 
    这种虚拟语气也可以运用在其他的名词性从句中,从句内容不变, 如:
    （1）It was suggested that we should go outing this weekend. （主语从句）
    （2）He made a suggestion that we should go outing this weekend. （同位语从句）
    （3）His suggestion was that we should go outing this weekend. （表语从句）
  6. 定语从句与同位语从句的区别:
    定语从句修饰前面的名词,而同位语从句说明前面名词的内容,引导定语从句的that在从句中担任名词性成分,而同位语从句中的 that 不担任任何句子成分.如:
    （1）Have you heard the news that was broadcast this morning ? （定语从句）
    （2）Have you heard the news that we defeated the Japanese football team ?（同位语从句）
    （3）What do you think of the suggestion that was put forward by Lily ?（定语从句）
    （4）What do you think of the suggestion that we should speak only English in  class ?（同位语从句）
  7. 几个容易混淆的连词：
    A. whether 和 if：whether可以用在所有的名词性从句中；而if 只能用于宾语从句，另外，如果有介词的话，仍然用whether。
    （1）Whether the advice will be accepted is not known.    （主语从句,不可以用if）
    （2）I have no idea whether he will come.  （同位语从句,不可以用if.）
    （3）The problem is whether we have enough time to do it again. （表语从句,不可以用if .）
    （4）He didn’t tell me whether （if ） he would accept my invitation. （宾语从句,两者都可以）
    （5）Everything depends on whether we have enough manpower. （介词之后不用if ）
    B. what 和 that：that 在名词性从句中不担任句子成分；what 在名词性从句中做主语，宾语，表语等，通常译为”所．．．的”，如：
    （1）What we have done is very important.  （what 做宾语）
    （2）That they have done the work is good news.  （that 无句子成分）
    （3）I believe what he said.  （what 做宾语）
    （4）I believe that he told truth.  （that 无句子成分）

2. 名词性从句

　　下表对高考中常见的名词性从句的引导词进行了总结： 
　　名词性从句的引导词引导词是否在名词性从句中充当成分的情况
　　连接代词： what, which, who, whom, whose
　　连接副词： when, where, why, how
　　what, which在从句中作主语、 宾语、 表语或定语； who在从句中作主语、 表语； whom在从句中作宾语； whose在从句中作定语； when, where, why, how在从句中分别作时间状语、 地点状语、 原因状语、 方式状语
　　连词that否
　　连词whether, if否
　　名词性从句的引导词在高考中的基本用法详见下面的总结： 
　　1. 引导特殊疑问句的疑问词在转为引导名词性从句时， 即成为连接代词(主要包括what, which, who, whom, whose)或者连接副词(主要包括when, where, why, how)。注意体会如下例句： Choose which you like best. 选你最喜欢的。// Who has taken away my bag is unknown. 谁拿走了我的包还不知道。// Have you decided whom you are to nominate as your candidate? 你们是否已经决定提名谁做候选人了?// He asked when Mr. Gilbert would be allowed to go home. 他问什么时候可以允许吉尔伯特先生回家。// Where we can look up his address is still a problem. 我们在哪儿可以查到他的地址还是个难题。// Why he did that wasn’t quite clear. 他为什么做那件事还不十分清楚。// How they will solve the serious problem has not been decided. 他们将怎样解决这个严重问题还没有决定。
　　以下两种特殊情况要给予特别关注： 
　　(1) what作连接代词引导的名词性从句既可以表示一个问“什么……？”的问题， 也可以表示相当于“名词/代词＋关系代词引导的定语从句”结构的意思， 这种特殊用法在语法上被称作“关系代词型的what”， 注意体会如下例句：He is not what (=the person that) he was a few years ago. 他不是几年前的他了。// This is what (=the place that) they call Salt Lake City. 这就是他们称作盐湖城的地方。// What (=the place that) is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world. 现在的北部撒哈拉沙漠曾是一个文明世界。// Our income is now double what (=the income that) it was ten years ago. 我们现在的收入是十年前的两倍。// The color of the flower is different from what (=the color that) it was in the morning. 花朵(现在的)颜色与它早上的颜色不同。
　　(2) 带’ever后缀的疑问词除引导让步状语从句之外， 还可以引导名词性从句(“no matter＋疑问词”的结构只能引导让步状语从句， 不可以引导名词性从句)， 注意体会以下例句： Whoever wants to see this film can go with us tonight.无论谁想看这部电影， 今晚都可以和我们一起去。// You can give the ticket to whomever you like. 你可以把票给任何你想给的人。// All the books are here. You may borrow whichever (book) you like. 所有的书都在这儿， 你愿借哪本就借哪本。// I’ll do whatever you ask me to do. 你叫我做什么， 我就做什么。
　　2. that引导名词性从句时后面接完整的陈述句， that只起引导名词性从句的作用而不充当该名词性从句中的具体成分； 引导宾语从句时that常可省略， 但引导主语从句、 表语从句、 同位语从句时that通常不被省略。例如： 
　　She hoped (that) he would arrive on time. 她希望他按时到达。(宾语从句)
　　That she was chosen made us very happy. 她被选中了让我们很开心。(主语从句)
　　I have the belief that I will succeed. 我怀有必胜的信念。(同位语从句)
　　that， what引导名词性从句的区别在于： that在其引导的名词性从句中不充当任何成分， 在有的情况下可以省略； what需要在其引导的名词性从句中充当主语、 宾语、 表语或者定语， 而且引导名词性从句的what在任何情况下都不能省略。例如： 
　　That he will succeed is obvious. 显然， 他会成功。(引导主语从句的that不在其中充当具体的句子成分)
　　What she told me is not true. 她所告诉我的都不是真的。(what在其引导的主语从句中作宾语)
　　3. whether与if均可以引导表示“是否”之意的名词性从句， 且whether与if均不在这种名词性从句中充当具体的句子成分。在引导宾语从句时whether与if一般可以互换， 但在引导主语从句、 表语从句、 同位语从句、 介词后的宾语从句、 放于句首的宾语从句或者名词性从句中包含or (not) 时通常只能用whether作引导词。注意体会下列例句： I don’t know if/whether I can help you. 我不知道我能否帮助你。(宾语从句)// Whether we can really help you, I don’t know yet. 我们是否真的能帮助你， 我还不知道。(位于句首的宾语从句)// The teacher worried about whether he had hurt the girl’s feelings. 老师为是否伤害了那女孩的感情而担心。(介词后的宾语从句)// The question is whether they can cooperate with us. 问题是他们能否与我们合作。(表语从句)// The question whether he should come himself or send a substitute must be decided upon. 他该亲自来还是派人替他来， 这个问题必须定下来。(同位语从句)// The little girl asked her father whether she should go to the party or not. 那女孩问她的父亲她应不应该参加这个晚会。(包含or not的宾语从句)
　　注意： 肯定形式的doubt后面通常接whether/if引导的宾语从句， 否定形式的doubt后面通常接that引导的宾语从句， 例如： I doubt whether it’s true. 我怀疑它是否是真实的。// I doubt if that was what he wanted. 我怀疑那是否是他所想要的。// I don’t doubt that you are honest. 我不怀疑你的诚实。// She never doubted for a moment that she was right. 她对自己是正确的这一点从不怀疑。
这都是重点，望采纳

3. 名词性从句

1 不是宾从时可以用IF 代替Whether吗？
    不是。if在只能引导及物动词后面的宾从，其余都用whether
2 这个题怎么判断的?
    __is obviously right后面跟了个is是吧？那是系词，它前面的应当是主语从句。主语从句的引导词里面没有it啊，所以选what。第二句后面是不是有个that从句？如果that从句移到前面翻译比较符合汉语习惯，那么就用it作形式主语吧。
3 这种题,到底该怎么选WHY 还是THAT？
   答语里面都出现the reason了，而且前句用that引导也不是什么名词性从句啊，当然选why
4 这个只能根据翻译来完成了。如果句意完整，不需要添油加醋了，就that；否则就选从属连词
5  at the mercy of others.在句中作表语，因为前面是系词。
   排除B是因为第二个从句的成分已经齐备，而what必须在从句中做成分，两者矛盾，所以排除。
 
供参考。

4. 名词性从句

第一题：
其实很好区分，主语从句中that只是起到引导作用，在句子中不充当成分，而what要在从句中充当成分，所以只要会划分句子结构就可以区分开。拿此题具体分析。
is seen 肯定是谓语，所以前面的部分都是主语从句的部分，把前面的句子恢复成正常语序就知道了，some people regard what  as a drawback，把what恢复到句子中，因为 regard 是及物动词，regard sth as 认为。。。what做regard的宾语，而that不做从句的成分，所以只能用what
第二题：用that 分析这个句子成分
主语从句是he did the same thing everyday 这部分
谓语  puzzled
宾语  us all
接下来分析主语从句部分
he did the same thing everyday 
he 主语    did 谓语  the same thing 宾语  everyday 状语 这里面主谓宾都齐全，不需要连词做任何成分，所以选择that

5. 名词性从句

以上在从句中均不充当任何成分   连接代词（9个）：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever   连接副词（7个）：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however   不可省略的连词：   1. 介词后的连词   2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。   That she was chosen made us very happy.   We heard the news that our team had won.
比较
  whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下，只可用whether：   1. whether引导主语从句并在句首   2. 引导表语从句   3. whether从句作介词宾语   4. 从句后有"or not"   Whether he will come is not clear.   大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。   It is not important who will go.   It is still unknown which team will win the match.

6. 名词性从句

1. what
2. what/all
3. what
4. what 
5. what 
6. that....what 
7. What....that....where
8. what...what
9. which...that
10. that
11. that...that

7. 名词性从句

Why not try your luck downtown,Bob?that's where the best job are.
1.先说一下其中文意思. "你为什么不试一下你的幸运之城呢,Bob?这就是最好工作所在之地.
2.Where引导之从句在句中做表语,如The big house is where i am living.
3.What引导的从句语法书说它也是名词性从句.
如What you need is just a little good luck.
4.所有的名词性从句都是在简单句中充当名词的作用.如宾语从句,主语从句,表语从句.
5.Where可引导地点状语从句, 还可引导表语从句, 非限定性定语从句,当然包括定语从句.
这么多语法知识,一下也跟你讲不清楚,不明白之处,自己买一本厚一点的语法书看看,对比一下,就清楚了.

8. 名词性从句

Male nurses are not （）are needed most, but female doctors are.
A．who B．that C．what D．those
 
这里Male nurses 男护工和 female doctors 女医生都是强调的一种职业，不单指人；所以不能选A，只能是C