求翻译一段英语！

1. 求翻译一段英语！

What is the change of macro economy through what mechanism or what channels can it affect international trade? One is through the foreign exchange market. According to Eichenbaum and Evans (1995), the main currency exchange rate is influenced by monetary policy.. Macroeconomic instability can lead to the market price and the expenditure of large amplitude fluctuations, and fluctuations in the will, in turn, change the foreign exchange market, forcing a country's exchange rate adjustment, and the final result is that the impact of international trade. Another important channel is the financial sector, such as inflation will have an extremely adverse effects on investment and trade specialization, during the period of inflation, for the enterprise, even if they in a no comparative advantage of running the country, as long as they are in a with the growth trend of the operation of the market, obtain loans from banks is relatively easy things. Similarly, as the financial sector is subject to inflationary pressures, the banking sector is more likely than willing to give high interest rates of debit loans, even though there is a high risk of such loans. This "adverse selection" in the inflation environment will distort the specialization mode and the trade growth of a country. In this case, the instability of the domestic economy through the transmission of the financial sector of this channel has a impact on international trade.

2. 帮忙翻译下~~

U. S. dollar has the all-important effect , first step to world economy estimating that the epicycle U.S. dollar devaluation period already is drawing to an end along power. Come to take a look on that at present, U. S. dollar continues walking obviously depreciating the benefit not according with American already Yue Lai Yue : The U.S. dollar devaluation pushes high import commodity price first , enlarges by pressure importing a type swelling; Two is that U. S. dollar continues devaluing having stricken the foreign capital confidence to USA economy , the overseas private investment that USA absorbs in the second half of the year in 2007 decreases by two-part. If this one trend lasts down,to depending on "blood transfusion" to maintain USA who moves round, economy will be fatal strike. Three are that the U. S. dollar long range walks soft weaken whose international standing. Besides, USA conquers the interest period being over basically , the USA government sends out "strong power U. S. dollar unceasingly in the near future according with USA country benefit " policy adjusting a signal. Therefore, U.S. dollar devaluation extent will proceed orderly tend towards slow , will enter the instrument zhu bottom stage having rising having descending in the days to come. In certain nominal rate level fall, if U. S. dollar currency value rises, RMB currency value comes down right away relatively , upward pressure on the Renminbi will be weakened. Simultaneous , postpone with the fact that the economy speed increase readjusts oneself to a certain extent in the homeland, active balance and exchange cover are tended to become making fall after rise, inherent RMB appreciation pressure also depends on laxation. Estimate that RMB will enter the two-way alteration stage in 2009, sustained single-side drops with cost pressure beneficial to relieving outlet to be over along power basic. But being worth paying attention to is, time of USA loan crisis, real estate business worsens especially the trend has not been over yet , financial market continues a turbulence , the build-up finance and trade deficit problem resolving a long range are not an easy thing more. Therefore, economy needed by strong power U. S. dollar props up not appear at present face to face. Besides, exchange rate forms mechanism at present falling , surely, that the exchange rate of US dollar idea bottom rises again leads to the wide RMB lifting to other key currency exchange rate such as Euro , pound sterling , yen , makes our country's export to the trade partners outside USA be bound to  affect .希望你用的上

3. 求将这段短文翻译成英文！不要翻译器！谢谢！ 在开放经济条件下，一国之内通常存在着多种可兑换货币的

Under the condition of open economy, within a country, there is often a variety of convertible currency in circulation, when their appearance more serious inflation or exchange rate expectation of depreciation, the public may weaken the confidence of domestic monetary stability and out of opportunity cost and relative income are taken into account, and reduce holding relatively low value of the domestic currency, have increased their holdings of a relatively high value of the foreign currency, so foreign currency will as domestic value storage method or the medium of exchange and gradually replace their currencies, this phenomenon is often referred to as currency substitution. Through the existing literature can be found in broad sense and narrow sense concept of currency substitution, the generalized concept of currency substitution can see the cost of demand for foreign currencies, or caused by changes in the relative cost of holding a currency other currency holding ratio changes. The concept of the narrow sense is only the case of currency substitution as the medium of foreign currency acts as the domestic medium. Through the comparison of generalized and narrow concept can be found, the narrow money alternative concept more emphasis is foreign currency serves as the medium of exchange that a most part of the liquidity of money demand arising from the impact, while ignoring the currency substitution in the store of value function. And the currency substitution can be roughly divided into three categories, one is the complete cargo

4. 英译汉，求英语高人兼经济学高人帮忙翻译以下的四段句子。。四段内容是相互独立的

1、Saving can be used to make investments. The country can use its national saving to make domestic real investments in new production capital（buildings, machinery, and software）,in new housing, and in additions to inventories, or it can use its national saving to invest in foreign financial assets. If it uses its national savings to make domestic real investments, benefits to the nation include the increases in production capacity and capabilities that result from new production capital and the housing services that flow from a larger stock of housing. If it uses its national saving to make foreign investments, benefits to the nation include the dividends, interest payments, and capital gains that it earns on its foreign investments, which add to the national income of the country in the future.
1.储蓄可被用来投资。国家可以将其国民储蓄用于国内实体投资如新建生产资本（建筑、机械和软件业）、新建住房以及库存，或者使用其国民储蓄投资于国外的金融资产。如果国家将其国民储蓄用于国内实体投资，对该国的益处将包括因新建生产资本而导致生产力和产能的增长和因大量新建住房而导致的房地产服务。如果国家将其国民储蓄用于对外投资，对该国的益处将包括通过其对外投资挣得的红利、利息支付和资本利得，而这些将增加这个国家未来的国民收入。
2、Disagree. A shift to saving more would tend to increase the surplus, not reduce it. The current account balance equals net foreign investment, and net foreign investment is the difference between national saving and domestic real investment. If national saving increases, then net foreign investment tends to increase, and the current account balance tends to increase(the surplus tends to increase)
2.不同意。储蓄的转移将更多地导致盈余的增加，而不是减少。经常项目余额等于净对外投资，而净对外投资是国内储蓄和国内实体投资的差额。如果国民储蓄增加，那么净对外投资也将增加，那么经常账户余额也将增加（即盈余将增加）。
3、Imports of goods and services result in demand for foreign currency in the foreign exchange market. Domestic buyers often want to pay using domestic currency, while the foreign sellers want to receive payment in their currency. In the process of paying for these imports, domestic currency is exchanged for foreign currency, creating demand for foreign currency. International capital outflows result in a demand for foreign currency in the foreign exchange market. In making investments in foreign financial assets, domestic investors often start with domestic currency and must exchange it for foreign currency. Foreign sales of this country’s financial assets that the foreigners had previously acquired, and foreign borrowing from this country are other forms of capital outflow that can create demand for foreign currency.
3.货物和服务进口产生对外汇市场上的外国货币的需求。国内买方往往希望使用本国货币支付，而国外的卖方则希望以他们自己本国的货币收款。在这些进口的支付流程中，本国货币被兑换为外国货币，创造了对外国货币的需求。国际资本流出产生对外汇市场上的外国货币的需求。为了投资外国金融资产，本国投资者往往先持有本国货币，且必须将其兑换为外国货币。外国人先前已经购买的该国金融资产的国外销售和国外来自该国的借款是资本流出的其他形式，而资本流出将创造对外国货币的需求。
4、Agree. As an investor, I think of my wealth and returns from investments in terms of my own currency. When I invest in a foreign-currency-denominated financial asset, I am (actually or effectively) buying both the foreign currency and assets. Part of my overall return comes from the return on the asset itself-for instance, the yield or rate of interest that it pays. The other part of my return comes from changes in the exchange rate value of the foreign currency. If the foreign currency increases in value(relative to my own currency) while I am holding the foreigner asset, The value of my investment(interns of my currency) increases, and I have made an additional return on my investment.(of course, if the exchange rate value of the foreign currency goes down, I make loss on the currency value, which reduce is my overall return.)
4.同意。作为一个投资者，我是以我本国的货币来衡量我的财富和投资回报的。当我投资一向以外国货币标明的金融资产时，我（实际上）是在购买外国货币和资产。我的总回报部分来自于资产本身的回报——比如，因该资产而支付的利润或者利息。我的总回报的其他部分来自外国货币的汇率价值的变化。如果在我持有外国资产时外国货币升值（相对于我本国货币），则我的投资的价值（以我本国的货币来计算）也相应增值，而且我的投资获得了一份额外的回报。（当然，如果外国货币的汇率价值下降，我的货币价值也相应损失，而这也减少了我的总回报。）
 
总体来说，这一段除了current account（经常项目或者经常账户）和exchange rate（汇率）之外没有什么特别的专业词汇，好好学习，总不能老发到百度上。

5. 帮忙翻译一下

By 2006-2010 the Chinese economic data analysis, examining the benchmark deposit and lending rates and deposit reserve ratio impact on GDP and CPI. According to the analysis results and the actual situation of our country, the paper that monetary policy is effective, the central bank should maintain a prudent monetary policy, appropriate to raise the deposit reserve ratio and benchmark interest rates, deepening the foreign exchange reform, reducing the liquidity of the domestic currency, stable price level And maintain the momentum of economic development, so that our economy is in steady state of development and promote economic recovery.
希望对你有用

6. ----求大神把这一段翻译成英语

In recent years, China's foreign exchange reserves rapid growth, is the world's official foreign exchange reserves the most, the fastest growing countries, but the system and management method of the current foreign exchange reserve management has been implemented to the national economic benefits, social benefits and even macroeconomic policy and foreign trade environment caused some impact. Sustained growth in reserve condition, how to effectively control the rate of growth of foreign exchange reserves and scale, currency and capital structure, how to optimize the foreign exchange reserves, how to effectively control or disperse the risk of foreign exchange reserves, and thus the stability of foreign exchange reserves value and to gain the maximum profit of these problems is the current our country foreign exchange reserve management must face the main problem urgently need to solve.
In recent years, some developing countries and regions to Chinese as the representative of foreign exchange reserves from the past lack of change for the excess accumulation of. International and domestic theoretical circles and practitioners have become increasingly aware of research on foreign exchange reserves related problems of the traditional shortcomings, management problems require us to re-examine in an open environment of foreign exchange reserves. Therefore, this article from the theory of moderate scale and management of foreign exchange reserves, along the "research step by step problems -- Analysis of problem - solve the problem" logic. Study on the moderate scale of foreign exchange reserve and its corresponding management issues, the first clear the function of foreign exchange reserves, foreign exchange reserves and find the fundamental problems existing, finally found the suitable solutions.

7. 帮忙翻译一下

翻译你会看不？
1. Properly handle the bilateral economic and trade relations 
Properly handle the China-US economic and trade relations, first of all need to multi-disciplinary approach, to illustrate the development of practical evidence-US trade relations is the economic foundation of China-US cooperation in many aspects; both sides win, and the United States is the great beneficiaries, resulting in United States U.S. trade deficit is mainly due to excessive restrictions on technology exports to me; the United States launched an attack on trade issues for me, not only inconsistent with WTO rules, but also detrimental to U.S. economic development and the interests of the American people, many of Sino-US cooperation, should strengthen and develop the overall situation of Sino-US cooperation to deal with trade issues, followed by, in the United States focused on trade issues of concern to take a flexible approach, through bilateral consultations, and expand imports of U.S. products have a representative at the same time, urged the U.S. to relax export restrictions to China again, pay attention to American companies in the positive role of China-US trade 关系 when the stress is, in the US-funded enterprises will be Zhijie victims, Ying Dang persuade the U.S. government Dongdeweihu US economic and trade relations is in their own interests last, to maintain exports to the U.S. good order at all levels of government in China should give full play to the role of chambers of commerce and big business to enhance the coordination of U.S. export order to avoid vicious competition and lead to internal disputes in export trade 
2. Positive response to the Sino-US trade disputes 
To address the trade imbalance caused by trade disputes, export products from the point of view, China should take the lower-end products in the labor-intensive aspects of taken the necessary measures to adjust for example, Yun Yong-out a number of economic and legal Shouduan regulate the operation of processing value-added Shao Zhi Li Bu the holes on the processing trade enterprises to voluntarily limit, step by step, our country can take the initiative to promote industrial upgrading and export products, upgrades, however, capital-intensive high-end products or high-tech product exports should be based on WTO rules and take active measures should promote the export of 
3. To develop "domestic economy," gradually change the situation of excessive dependence on external demand 
Enter in the Structural Adjustment of China's economic stage, the expansion of domestic demand is the basic standpoint of China's development demands the development of domestic demand-based economy, building a higher level of open economy and opening up the domestic market, domestic and international market expansion and deepening of both Construction of open economy issues in the meaning, the development of domestic demand is also an important part of economy, therefore, should vigorously promote trade and economic integration within and outside the operational capabilities of the integrated global logistics and global supply chain management demands the development of domestic economy structure, deepen, change investment and exports deepening domestic demand for the consumption and investment, particularly in cultivating and expanding residential and automobile consumer credit consumer debt consumer durable goods final consumption leisure services in rural consumption structure, investment in human resources and other new domestic demand, it is necessary to target mainly the gradual extension of extend to external demand, and efforts to promote the ability to meet foreign demand, continuous restructuring and upgrading 
4. Accelerate the "go" pace 
China has a competitive advantage to encourage industries and enterprises "going out" can be set up by foreign investment in local enterprises and institutions to the domestic surplus production capacity of raw materials and spare parts exports to foreign markets can be considered to 进行 several phases: First, the future five to ten years of the initial stage, the main objective is to gradually explored in practice and Establishment of our multinational enterprises overseas investment channels and regional governance systems Model-invested enterprises after the reform of state-owned enterprises to export-oriented enterprises and the strength of private enterprises the main investment areas have a comparative advantage is mainly the domestic industry as well as domestic enterprises supporting the development of transnational business with sales and production processes II is the next 20 years of steady development stage, the main goal is to initially establish international production system, the formation of a group of multinational corporations and medium-sized enterprises, and gradually cultivates international integrated logistics and financial operations capabilities Third, over the longer term development of the global production system, the formation of a number of global competitiveness of the large multinational corporations and enterprises, these enterprises where the configured in the global market supply chain and technology innovation 
5. Prudent response to the pressure and the exchange rate of RMB exchange rate mechanism 
Reflect changes in market supply and demand to increase flexibility of RMB exchange rate system reform, the direction, the exchange rate is also better to play the role of the international balance of payments adjustment, to maintain monetary policy independence of the necessary requirement for Dan Shi, adjust the RMB exchange rate system Bixushenzhong, should be selected employment, balance of payments and less stressful relatively stable foreign exchange market, the timing of reforms to increase the foreign exchange market foreign exchange transactions of the main tools for fostering increased business and financial institutions, exchange rate risk awareness, for the adjustment of RMB exchange rate system to actively create conditions

8. 急求翻译，回答马上给分！人工翻译！（英文）

First, a foreign exchange reserves held in foreign currencies for the performance of financial claims, is not used in domestic production. This raises the issue of opportunity cost, that is, if the monetary authorities do not hold reserves. These reserve assets can be used to import goods and services, increased production of the actual resources thereby increasing employment and income, and abandoned the interests of holders of reserves. Therefore, holders of foreign exchange reserves, to consider the opportunity cost. Secondly, corresponding to the increase in foreign exchange reserves to expand the money supply, foreign exchange reserves are too large will increase the pressure on inflation, monetary policy more difficult. In addition, holders of excessive foreign exchange reserves, may have suffered losses due to foreign currency exchange rate depreciation. Therefore, the foreign exchange reserves should be maintained at an appropriate level.  
绝对正确！！！！！！！！！