求几篇国外名人的生平经历

1. 求几篇国外名人的生平经历

林肯的Over the years, the Emancipation Proclamation and President Lincoln himself have been reviewed with both admiration and derision. The shifting viewpoints towards the two reflect the context of the times and that is how the Emancipation Proclamation and president Lincoln must be viewed because each were created in the context of their times 
The war for the Union or the Lincoln Administration did not start out as a war to end slavery. Lincoln himself, by modern day standards, was prejudice and believed blacks would be better off leaving the country. The threat that Lincoln represented was political and economic to the South. Lincoln had no intention of interfering with slavery where it already existed but was opposed to the extension of slavery, which represented economic threat to the south as well as the loss of political power. It must be remembered, as the author points out, that there was no great demand among the majority of the people for slavery to end and Lincoln’s racial views on blacks were common. Little, if anything was said about the black man having an equal place in American society, a view shared by many in the military also. 
In any event, freeing the slaves would be a radical measure in many Northerners eyes. The author analyzes how Lincoln had to tread thin line because of this... The Border States were a key strategic area and losing those states would make the war even more difficult to fight for the union. Lincoln had to consider the reaction of the army also if a proclamation feeing the slaves was announced The Union had to win the war in any event to give teeth to a proclamation. 
The first plans developed by the Lincoln Administration called for compensated emancipation. The plans reflected the viewpoint of Lincoln, sometimes not shared by members of Congress and Lincoln cabinet members, that gradual and compensated emancipation was the best method. Lincoln had to think about the entire Union effort and could not risk making such a radical move. The plans also promoted colonization of the blacks, which was angrily opposed by the blacks themselves. 
In time, it was Lincoln came to see that the war would have to be more about just saving the union. Lincoln has had few equals in the skill of using the words of the English language. The Emancipation Proclamation is often criticized for not having the same beautiful and high idealized words of his Second Inaugural Address. The key here is that Lincoln wrote the Emancipation Proclamation in legalistic terms for a reason. First, the Emancipation Proclamation was conditional. The Emancipation Proclamation only freed slaves in certain areas of the Confederacy and not others. Second, it was also a military measure, a aimed at undermining the economic system of the South, Third, the Emancipation Proclamation might be challenged legally and had to stand up to constitutional scrutiny by the supreme Court, if the union could win the war. 
One of the criticisms of the Emancipation Proclamation was the fact that it did not set every slave free. Again, using today’s standards to judge is somewhat unfair because the union had to win the war first. Lincoln had to think about how the army and the Border States would react. Although the army did not dissolve or the Border States did not leave the union, there was not universal rejoicing at the Emancipation Proclamation. The Proclamation also strengthened the Confederate will because Lincoln had struck at the very heart of the south and the way of life the Confederacy was fighting for. 
The enlistment of the African-American, both ex-slaves and freed blacks, in Union armies represented turning point because that was the evidence that the war had changed and a new era was beginning. The black man would earn respect in the service of the union but that did not equate to equal treatment. The rights earned in the crucible of warwould be frittered away in the years after the war, giving the Emancipation Proclamation hollow meaniing for many blacks. 
The mixed reputation of Lincoln among African-Americans is a demonstration of dashed hopes and the failure of expectations. The failures of Reconstruction and the suppression of African-Americans lowered the stature of Lincoln and the Emancipation Proclamation. When looked at from a genuine abolition viewpoint, Lincoln was cold and indifferent and did not move fast enough. However, when measured by the sentiments of the country, which Lincoln was bound to consult, he was swift, radical, and determined. And for that Lincoln should and does have a special place in the hearts of all Americans

2. 古今中外名人各列举一个，总共4个， 写出生平事迹，成就，著作，言论。 要简练一点， 好的我会加分，~谢谢

司马迁：.忍辱负重写《史记》。鲁迅赞誉其为“史家之绝唱，无韵之离骚”。
鲁迅：“时间就是生命”的格言律己，从事无产阶级文艺事业30年，视时间
如生命，笔耕不辍。
齐白石：坚持每日作画，除身体不适外，从不间断。85岁那
年，一天他一连作画四幅后，又特为昨天补画一幅，并题字道：“昨日大风雨，心绪
不宁，不曾作画，今朝制此补之，不教一日闲过也。”
巴尔扎克：用如痴如狂的拼劲，每天奋笔疾书十六七个小时，即使累得手臂疼
痛，双眼流泪，也不肯浪费一刻时间。

3. 名人传里的三个人物的生平，性格，国籍，主要代表

　　贝多芬1770年12月17日出生于贫寒的家庭，父亲是歌剧演员，性格粗鲁，爱酗酒，母亲是个女仆。贝多芬本人相貌丑陋，童年和少年时代生活困苦，还经常受到父亲的打骂。贝多芬十一岁加入戏院乐队，十三岁当大风琴手。十七岁丧母，他独自一人承担着两个兄弟的教育的责任。
　　1792年12月贝多芬离开了故乡波恩，前往音乐之都维也纳。不久，痛苦叩响了他的生命之门，从1796年开始，贝多芬的耳朵日夜作响，听觉越来越衰退。肉体与精神的双重折磨，都反映在他这一时期(幻想奏鸣曲)、(克勒策奏鸣曲)等作品中。1806年5月贝多芬与布伦瑞克小姐订婚，爱情的美好产生了一系列伟大的作品。不幸的是，爱情又一次把他遗弃了，未婚妻和另外的人结婚了。不过这时贝多芬正处于创作的极盛时期，对一切都无所顾虑。他受到了世人瞩目，与光荣接踵而来的是最悲惨的时期：经济困窘，亲朋好友一个个死亡离散，耳朵也已全聋，和人们的交流只能在纸上进行。面对生活苦难，似乎没有什么能使贝多芬屈服，他以自己的创作风格扭转了维也纳当时轻浮的风气。
　　1827年3月26日，贝多芬在风雪交加的日子咽下了最后一口气。

　　《米开朗基罗传》：该传记分上下编，上编“战斗”，下编“舍弃”和尾声“死”。1475年3月6日，米开朗琪罗出生于意大利卡森蒂诺的卡普雷赛，父亲是法官。母亲在他六岁时便死去，米开朗基罗被寄养在一个石匠的妻子家里。十三岁时，他进入多梅尼科 吉兰达约的画室。据说由于他的成绩优秀，他的老师为之嫉妒。一年后他们分手了，米开朗琪罗转入另一所雕塑学校。不久，由于宗教信仰的冲突，他离开了那里。后来，他又先后到过威尼斯、罗马等名城，雕塑水平不断地得到了提高。
　　1505年3月，米开朗罗基被教皇尤利乌斯二世征召去替他造陵墓。不久，又让他去画西斯廷教堂的天顶画。此后几年，他一直受着历任教皇的差遣，携带着痛苦去创作他并不满意的作品。1527年米开朗基罗卷入了一场革命的漩涡，差一点丧命。革命结束后，教皇克雷芒又将他从隐避的地方找了出来，米开朗琪罗不得不重新为他所抗拒的人劳作。1537年9月克雷芒教皇驾崩，米开朗琪罗原以为从此能安安静静地做自己的事了。但他刚到罗马，又被他新主人——保罗三世抓住了。似乎命运注定他只能在无休止的干涉中替别人干活。不仅如此他的爱情也不太理想.

4. 求几个身世、来历等比较有意思的外国的历史人物及其有趣事件

埃及艳后之死

埃及艳后克丽奥佩托拉与中国的杨贵妃以及日本的小野小町并称为世界三大美女，但埃及艳后的时代要比后两位早了将近1000年。埃及艳后是古埃及托勒密王朝的最后一任法老。文艺或电影上，她被认为是为保持国家免受罗马帝国吞并，曾色诱凯撒大帝及他的手下马克·安东尼。有人说，克莉奥佩特拉是“尼罗河畔的妖妇”，是“尼罗河的花蛇”；有人说，克莉奥佩特拉是世界上所有诗人的情妇，是世界上所有狂欢者的女主人；罗马人对她痛恨不已，因为她差一点让罗马变成埃及的一个行省；埃及人称颂她是勇士，因为她为弱小的埃及赢得了22年的和平。公元前30年，屋大维进攻埃及，克丽奥佩特拉自杀身亡，埃及并入罗马，古埃及文明从此走向终结。
这位绝代佳人的死，不仅给后人留下了许多脍炙人口的佳话，而且为古今中外的历史学家留下了一个至今不解之“谜”。她究竟是用什么方法自杀的？人们怀着极大的兴趣进行了深入的研究。有人认为女王事先安排一位农民带进墓堡一只盛满无花果的篮子，里面藏有一条名叫“阿斯普”的小毒蛇，让它咬伤了自己的手臂，导致中毒昏迷而死。
也有人认为她早就把毒蛇喂养在花瓶里，用一枚金簪子刺伤它的身体，引它发怒，直到缠住她的手臂。另外，还有一种相反的意见，认为女王不是死于毒蛇，而是用一枚空心锥子，刺入自己的头部所致。然而，也有不少人反对上述意见，因为死者的尸体上没有发现刺伤或咬伤的痕迹，在墓堡中也未找到任何有毒的小蛇。反对这一论据的人则根据考证材料，提出墓堡朝向大海的一侧开有一个窗户，受惊的毒蛇是可以从这里溜走的。另据女王的医生认定： “在她的手臂上确实有两个不太明显的疤痕。”看来，她死于毒蛇的论断屋大维也是深信不疑的，因为在他的凯旋仪式上，克娄巴特拉的塑像上被安排了一条毒蛇缠绕在她的手臂上。
尽管如此，这个“谜”并没有彻底解开。

5. 列举5个外国历史名人

马克思、恩格斯：
德国社会主义理论家及作家，哲学家，马克思主义的创始人，著作《共产党宣言》

列宁：
著名马克思主义者、革命家、政治家、理论家、布尔什维克党创立者、苏联建立者和第一位领导人。他发展了马克思主义，形成了列宁主义理论，创建苏联，第三国际

斯大林：
苏联重要的领导人之一、国际共产主义运动活动家，对二十世纪的苏联和世界产生了深远的影响。他以计划经济的方式实施大规模工业化，使苏联成为重工业和军事大国

华盛顿：
美国国父，美国开国总统，为美国的独立作出了巨大的贡献。

6. 古今中外的名人 他们分别做了什么

1、屈原（前339—前278），战国末期楚国人，杰出的政治家，中国历史上第一位伟大的爱国诗人，“骚型”艺术的开创者和奠基人。
 
 2、哥白尼 (1473-1543年)，波兰天文学家，日心说的创立者，近代天文学的奠基人，主要贡献：创立了日心地动说，写出“自然科学的独立宣言”——《天体运行论》。
 
 3、拉伯雷（1494年—1553年），出生在法国中部都兰省的希农城。拉伯雷最为后人称道的是他的长篇巨作《巨人传》。1532年，《巨人传》第一部出版，一年后又出版了第二部，署名是那西埃。书出版后，受到了城市资产阶级和社会下层人民的热烈欢迎，但又受到了教会和贵族的极端仇视，并被法院宣布为禁书。
 
 4、何塞·马蒂（1853—1895年），古巴卓越的诗人、杰出的民族英雄、伟大的思想家。马蒂在古巴、拉美乃至世界文学史上占有重要位置，是拉美现代主义的开路先锋，他的诗篇《伊斯马埃利约》、《纯朴的诗》和《自由的诗》，他的散文《我们的美洲》、《美洲我的母亲》《玻利瓦尔》等在古巴和拉美脍炙人口。

7. 列举我国历史上名人的后人也是名人的人物，越多越好。

周勃--周亚夫,西汉名将
杨业--杨延昭--杨文广,杨宗保历史上是没有的,是戏剧编造的
王剪--王愤,两人秦朝名将,
孙武--孙膑,军事家
乐羊子--乐毅,战国名将,
高欢--高洋,政治家!