promissory notes是？

1. promissory notes是？

本票(PROMISSORY NOTES) 

一.定义(Definition)

    本票（PROMISSORY NOTES)是一个人向另一个人签发的，保证即期或定期或在可以确定的将来的时间，对某人或其指定人或持票人支付一定金额的无条件书面承诺。

二.必要项目

    拿到一张本票后，这张本票是否生效，根据《日内瓦统一法》规定，这张本票要求具备以下的必要项目：

1.标明其为“本票字样”；

2.无条件支付承诺；

3.出票人签字；

4.出票日期和地点；

5.付款地点；

6.付款期限，如果没有写清的，可以看作见票即付；

7.金额；

8.收款人或其指定人。

三.种类

1.一般本票(PROMISSORY NOTE)：出票人为企业或个人，票据可以是即期本票，也可是远期本票。

2.银行本票(CASHER'S ORDER)：出票人是银行，只能是即期本票。

2. 急急急， 好心人帮帮忙，帮我翻译以下文章

Bills of exchange, promissory notes and cheques have what similarities and differences?
Each has what function?
Is the special regulations of the negotiable instrument, it can be divided into bills of bills of exchange, promissory notes and cheques.
The bill is out and issued by the drawer, who entrusted payment people sight draft or on a specified date to pay unconditionally a sum certain in money to the payee or bearer a bill.
In the draft concept, basic party has three: one is the drawer, namely the issuing the instrument;
Second is the payment, accept the drawer and pay the sum payable by unconditionally, payment person can be the others including Banks, also can be the drawer;
Three is the payee, namely hold draft to the drawee and asking for payment.
A promissory note is issuer, promising to see ticket to pay unconditionally a sum certain in money to the payee or bearer a bill.
Law called the promissory note, it is to point to a bank's note.
In the above the concept of a promissory note, and its basic party only two: namely the ticket and the payee.
China's promissory note and the main difference between bill: (1) the parties have three of a bill of exchange, promissory notes and only two parties;
(2) a promissory note the drawer (also payer) limited to bank;
And on the bill of exchange and any payment to the holder of the people so Banks.
(3) the maker of a promissory note is limited to the payment terms for free, and a bill may be regular payment.
Check out by issued by the drawer, who authorizes the handling check deposit bank or any other financial institution in the see ticket to pay unconditionally a sum certain in money to the payee or bearer a bill.
Check the basic parties have a three: one is the drawer, namely in the bank have corresponding issuing the instrument of the deposit;
2 the drawee is, that is, Banks and other legal financial institutions;
Three is the payee, namely receipt of payment.
China's check of the bill with different, its main difference have: (1) the cheque payment must be Banks and other legal financial institutions, bill payment of people not limited to financial institutions;
(2) the cheque payment is limited to the sight draft, a bill may be regular payment.
Three similarities
(1) has the same properties.
(1) is set right securities.
Bill is the bearer bill written by right content, to prove its bill right to obtain property.
(2) are format securities.
The format of the bills (the form and the items recorded in the) is by law (i.e. negotiable strict regulation, not abide by the format on the effectiveness of the bill to a certain extent.
(5) are text securities.
The right content and notes of everything related to all matters on a negotiable instrument shall be subject to the recorded text, not on the bill by the influence of the text other than matters.
(4) are can flow the transfer of the securities.
General debt contract of the claim.
If you want to transfer, must obtain the consent of the debtor.
And as the bill circulation securities.
Can not be endorsed by endorsement or delivery of a negotiable instrument only simple procedure and free transfer and circulation.
(5) are predictors of securities.
On the bill of rights that exist only in the bill itself. Text sure, obliges enjoy the right to hold only for necessary instrument, as for the cause of the holder acquires a negotiable instrument, the right cause of the all don't ask.
The reason to exist or not, is effective or not, and the bill right in principle to each other is not affected.
Because of the current bill is not completely negotiable bill of sense.
Just bank settlement way, this WuYinXing is not absolute.
(2) have the same its function.
7 exchange function.
With the function of a negotiable instrument, solve between two cash in the space of obstacles.
7 credit function.
The use of the instrument can be solved in time in the cash to pay for obstacles.
The bill itself is not goods, it is based on credit basis on written voucher ', (3) to pay a function.
The use of the instrument can be solved in cash on formalities of trouble.
Bill through the endorsement can be used as transfer many times in the market, be a kind of circulation, payment tool, reduce the use of cash.
And because the clearing system's development, bill can through the clearing central clearing, simplify the settlement procedures, speed up the capital turnover and improve the efficiency in the use of social capital:

3. 谁能帮我翻译一下,重谢！ 很急哦！

Dear leaders: Hello! 
Allow me first of all addressed to you has been sincere greetings and good wishes! Thank you very much for taking the examination in my job search materials. I in 1986, was born on November 8th of Huainan City, Anhui Province a warm family, the parents from an early age I developed a hard-working, modest, warm others, simple and sincere attitude towards life. In university life, I strive to enrich study hard, has been with the "no best, only better" criteria and strive to achieve these remarkable achievements have laid a solid business foundation in English. In learning professional courses in Business English (Business English Intensive Reading, Extensive Reading, Speaking, Listening, international trade, import and export business, foreign trade with a single, foreign economic and trade messages, international finance, international commercial law, etc.) while also learning the Anhui Normal University, English Education undergraduate courses: Advanced English, English-Chinese Translation, Japanese Directory, British and American Language and Culture, English Lexicology, Modern English Grammar, British and American Literature, English writing. And in July 2008 obtained a Bachelor of Education degree in English. July 2008 to 12 in Anhui Agricultural University to participate in the examination Customs Members Qualifications training, and December 14 to participate in the national examination  Customs Members Qualifications . Has certain import and export customs declaration, inspection and international trade capacity. Understand the letter of credit, bills of exchange, promissory notes, such as the use of commercial paper. 
In classes and faculty members in my time as Sports and Physical Education Department Director-General positions, serious and responsible work, and actively participate in school extra-curricular activities and achieved very good results and has participated in newspaper editing and translation work by English society as "outstanding students "title; in April 2007 the school science and technology section of the third style of English Speech Contest" Excellence Award "; in June 2007 was the ninth MAANSHAN Universiade basketball third groups; in July 2007 to August Shun Hui anchorage in Huainan limited liability company to carry out activities of social practice. 
In the fierce competition for talent, I would like to contribute to your company a source of strength, although I do not have enough work experience, but I believe that Industrious, will continue to work to improve their learning in order to adapt to the requirements of your company. I hope that your company can become one, to have the luck with your company to create a brilliant tomorrow! 

Sincerely, 
Salute!

4. 英语翻译求助！请高手们帮忙将以下英文翻译为中文，不胜感激！

兑换期票
  12月20日,美元的人民币元到2009年
  
  为获得xyz公司一家香港公司(以下简称“付款”或“公司”)承诺支付或他的委托人([]“持有人”)校长人民币的$ $。这种转换本票是指“备注”。
  1。所有的本金应当支付法定货币。所有的付款,实行校长。
  2。付款问题时,其权益性证券出售股票的定义下的投资者(以下简称投资者)在3月20日或之前,2010年(“到期日”)的股权融资总收益的付款不少于人民币元(不包括美元转换音符或其他债务)(一个“合格”),然后在融资优秀本金余额这本笔记的自动转换的整体无任何进一步的行动权益性证券持有人成这样。这个数量的股票发行权益性证券转换后应相当于商用(我)全部本金金额备注人民币元(ii)美元的人民币元,发行权益性证券等应在相同的条款和条件,赐给投资者。在本笔记,术语“股票”指的是普通股的付款人或任何证券的权利来购买股票或有价证券付款的常见可以转换成,或兑换(伴或无额外考虑),付款人的普通股(不含笔记和权证),在每种情况下发布的《合格后到期,融资,除了这样的术语不包括任何安全理所当然,发行和/或出售,由付款人的任何雇员、主管或顾问在这样的能力。
  3。除非本笔记已经转换按照上述第2部分,整个杰出的本金余额应当充分而付款的汇票到期日。
  4。在本协议项下的任何缺省付款应支付所有合理的律师费和法院在执行费用由持有人及收集这张纸条。
  5。这个前付款可以预缴到期日没有任何预付费处罚。

5. As demand grew, people began selling promissory notes guaranteeing the future delivery of priced t

随着需求的增长，人们开始售卖期票来保证未来定价郁金香球根的运输。
好久没碰英语了。。。请笑纳。。。


补充：但是正如我说的，这纯属投机。因为无法通过郁金香球根来判断生产的品种，唯一能够验证品种的只有郁金香的颜色。有点意译额。。。

6. 英语好的朋友们，能不能帮我翻译这段话（用于简历）？

In September, 2007 until now [Bank of East Asia] 
In the post: Senior officer (synthesis teller/backstage)
Work content: Private practice, corporate business, ATM and so on 

Private practice includes: and so on deposit, managing finances, foreign currency exchange and business, insurance proxy the corporate 
Business includes: Expenses household, check, promissory note, remittance, foreign currency exchange and business  and so on
ATM: Is responsible to govern to the good type ATM maintenance, the overall plan work.
 
Self-appraisal: Familiar Chinese-funded, Foreign bank's service regulations is familiar with individual, the corporate business to handle flow the familiar Renminbi, foreign currency service related financial laws and regulations to have the good communication power of expression, the affinity, the coordinated strength, the guest clothing to realize strongly. has the good team cooperation consciousness, learning capability, working efficiency high

7. 帮忙翻译两段专业英文。

第二段应该是跟银行业务有关联的一些专业术语的解释，我简单帮您翻译了一下，仅供参考。具体的一些术语我没有百分百的把握，建议您再自己查一下。

pre-reading question 
阅读习题

john and phil,his neighbor,decided to set up Lucky Inc.,a corporation to sell cakes.in taking steps to form and promote their business,they both enter into a contract with ACS Flour to buy flour for Lucky Inc.that is not yet incorporated.but lucky inc. is never ncorporated. can ACS Flour sue john and phil for the payment they contracted on behalf of lucky inc.? 
约翰和菲尔，他的邻居，决定成立一个叫Lucky Inc.的蛋糕店。他们按部就班的开始他们的业务，他们同时来到ACS面粉公司里准备为这个蛋糕店签订一个面粉采购合同，但是实际上这个LUCKY INC.还没有正式成立。请问：ACS面粉公司是否有权就其与LUCKY INC.签订的付款起诉约翰和菲尔？

Business organizations is an area of law that covers the broad array of rules governing the formation and operation of different kinds of entities by which individuals can organize to do business.the term is also used to describe the entities themselves. 
商业准则是涵盖管理不同的公司实体所构成以及运作的广泛的法则，不同的组织和个人都可以进行商业活动。其准则也可以用于解释公司实体本身。

第二段 
Promissory Notes 
本票

A Promissory Note is a written promise between two parties, commonly referred to as a note. one party is the maker of the promise to pay, and the other is the payee, or the one to whom the promise to pay is made, a promissory note can be made payable at a definite time or on demand.it can name a specific payee or merely be payable to the bearer (the person in possession of the note). a note contains the following information:
本票即双方的书面协议，通常指一种票据。一方作为协定中的支付人，另一方为收款人。或者如果其中的一方被指定为收款人，则该票据即可以作为明确时间或者约定时间内的到期款凭证。本票可以指定收款人或规定只能支付给持有者（即本票的所属人）。一张本票应涵盖下列信息：

On[date],[name of maker] made and signed [maker`s] promissory note payable to [the order of (name)or bearer] in the sum of on or before [date ]. notes are used in a number of credit transactions and often bear the name of the transaction involved .for example ,a note payable in installments is called an installment note .a note that is secured by personal property is called a collateral note .in real estate transactions on the property ,is called a mortgage note .
某年某月某日，某某人向某某（订单名称或者票据所属人）签订票据，在某年某月某日前应支付XX金额.票据一般应用在一些银行交易并且通常含有交易的名称。例如，用于分期付款的票据通常称之为分期本票，用于保护使人财产的票据一般称之为附带期票。在房地产交易中则称之为抵押票据。

8. 急求！！！英文翻译成中文（2）

对更大和较长期财务的企业需求通过新的借贷参与的技术和安排适应了在小组银行和其他贷款人之中。 自1963年以来，银行买了马达拖车、喷气机班机，行政航空机、计算机、机床和其他设备为出租对顾客。 银行的数量建立析因部门或获取析因企业最近是增加，可能带领往被描述的自动化的会计，分析和可接收提供经费给由Governor · Mitchell。 


手段为加速现金汇集和调动被提供了以更多巧妙形式。 几家银行最近进入了信用卡事务，也，预示Mitchell描述了的转帐服务系统州长。 除坚固增加所有储款类型储蓄他们的份额之外，银行发展了新的金融市场仪器，扩展了联邦基金市场和第一次参与了长期借款从30年代。 



可能最卓越的变动，从银行家观点，是显着上升按银行付明确利息的资金的比例， 1960年1965年从负债总额的大约三分之一关于一半。

可协议的利率存单或者CD的，在2月， 1961.More比16十亿由公司现在举行、州和当地政府、外国中央银行、国际代办处和个体被介绍了。 然而可协议的CD的没有反弹盛放对他们的当前卓越。 一个次要市场必须被开发。 银行和顾客有得知CD的用途和局限的和仍然的确学会。新的银行期票是很象CD的，从持有人的观点，但他们从储备需求量和存款保险评估是豁免。 结果，通过期票获得的资金产生4.5%对持有人一个百分点比通过4.5%被上升的资金的费用将有有效的利息费用对银行差不多四分之一CD的’ s。期票也是从章程Q天花板解脱在率。 在1965年12月之前，在章程Q天花板，一些的增量开户期票被发布以率在CD的’ s.允许最大4.5%之上。

这个翻译很辛苦的！！！