求英文论文。

1. 求英文论文。

　　Major Themes
　　Painful Experience vs. Numbness

　　Perhaps the greatest theme of the novel involves the relationship between the pain of actual experience and feeling one's feelings, on the one hand, and on the other hand the equally devastating numbness that comes with shutting down one's emotions in order to avoid suffering. After the death of Allie, Holden essentially shuts down, forcing himself to lose all attachments to people so as never to be hurt again. He repeatedly mentions how important it is not to get attached to anyone, since this will lead to missing them once they are gone. By the end of the novel, he has spiraled so far down with this theory that he has become afraid to even speak to anyone. Phoebe is perhaps the only reminder that Holden still has the capacity to love. When he looks at her, he cannot help but feel the same tortured love that he felt for Allie. Nevertheless, the surges of these feelings leave him even more bereft. He knows he must leave Phoebe to protect himself, but when she shows up to accompany him on his journey, ultimately he puts his love for her first and sacrifices his own instinct to flee in order to return home.

　　Holden, it seems, is in the throes of an existential crisis. To a great degree he is numb to the pains and joys of life. Unable to come to terms with his brother's death, he has no one to show him the kind of parental or brotherly love that he himself gave Allie. Whenever someone does end up showing him even a hint of such love (such as Mr. Antolini), Holden ends up being disappointed.

　　Love and Sex

　　At his core, Holden is a deep, sensitive soul, at bottom unable to sublimate his feelings into numbness. He envies someone like Stradlater, who can simply pick up girls whenever he likes, and who treats sex as a casual pleasure. To Holden, however, sex is deeply discomforting. He cannot have it with girls he likes, and he cannot manage to numb himself enough to treat girls casually. Numbing himself to love, it seems, is Holden's greatest challenge. He feels too deeply about the world, about people, to truly shut down. When he finally does fall in love with Jane Gallagher, he soon discovers that Stradlater has a date with her, which confirms his suspicion that everything he loves eventually deteriorates. He leaves Pencey with some hope of inventing a new identity, but he cannot break out of his being. Even in the presence of a prostitute, he cannot think of having sex, only of having a conversation in the hope of feeling some glimmer of human affection with her. All Holden wants to do is talk, but he cannot find someone who will listen.
　　Loss of Innocence

　　Holden must face that fork in the road of adolescence when one realizes that maturity entails a loss of innocence—that greater knowledge of oneself and others and the circumstances all comes with a price. In Holden's case, he cannot bear to accept the death of Allie, the death of pure innocence that had no good reason to suffer or die. In Holden's eyes, Allie is truth, while everyone else is “phony.” Innocence goes with idealism and a certain inability or unwillingness to bear and accept the harsher reality. Holden cannot bear to hold onto his innocence because innocence brings its own harms; people continue to disappoint him. Thus the cost of maturity is much less; innocence has been quite painful, too. Innocence has been problematic: the prostitute demands more money for nothing, the man who takes him in seems like a pedophile, and the cab drivers berate him as stupid when he asks simple questions about the birds in the park. While Allie’s memory can help him preserve his innocence, this is not enough, for he cannot find real love in the outside world.

　　Besides, losing Allie has brought tremendous pain. Holden also has the common adolescent experience of perceiving that time in school learning mundane lessons feels petty when his entire soul is in flux as it comes to grips with reality. When the entire world around him appears phony, where can he go to grasp hold of some reality, some stable truth? Without an explanation why Allie was taken from him, there appears no reason behind the world's events, and in this respect Holden’s maturity involves a deep loss of innocence such that he perceives that the reality of the world is its very irrationality.

　　Phoniness vs. Authenticity

　　Holden labels almost everyone a “phony,” excepting Phoebe, Allie, and himself. In Holden's eyes, a “phony” is someone who embraces the world’s mundane demands and tries to make something out of nothing—that is, just about everyone who studies in school or who puts on airs in order to do a job or achieve a goal. The fact that no one is acknowledging how trivial and fleeting life is, compared with the grand things we tell one another about reality—how difficult it is to truly love and share oneself with people knowing that all, like Allie, will eventually die—causes him to burn with frustration, even rage. Holden understands on some level one of the most profound truths of mortal life: the superficial matters little because it will not last, yet it is made to seem so much more important. Meanwhile, all around him, he must watch superficial people win honors through their artifice. He thus holds his deepest contempt for those who succeed as phonies: Stradlater, the Headmaster, and all the boys who treat school as if it is a club to be ruled by Social Darwinism. All Holden wants is some authentic living, to hold on to someone like Phoebe or Allie who knows nothing of the world’s superficiality and therefore is not tainted by it, but he is afraid to make it too real out of the justified fear of one day losing them forever.
　　Life and Death

　　A key part of Holden’s emotional life involves his reaction to Allie’s death. People live for a while, but all too soon we all die. Allie did not choose it, but Holden thinks about James Castle, a skinny boy who jumped out the window at school and fell to his death. Holden himself entertains thoughts of a similar suicide. The decision to numb himself to his feelings about life is a decision to shut himself down emotionally so much that he is no longer truly living. It is a decision, however, that remains fundamentally impossible for Holden. When he thinks about James Castle, he cannot bear to imagine James just laying there amidst the stone and blood, with no one picking him up.

　　Holden might see some romance in suicide and some comfort in the idea that it ends internal pain, but death does seem worse, the ultimate loneliness. He seen the effects of death on the living as well. He thus cannot do to Phoebe what Allie has done to them already.

　　He plods on, only sure that he must gradually wean himself away from Phoebe so that she gets used to losing him forever--and so that he gets used to being away from her. Though Holden needs closeness and love in order to renew his life, he keeps driving himself further away from it in order to avoid the inevitable loss. The more he wants to experience life, the more antisocial he becomes and the more he imagines death. This paradox is part of Holden’s life: there is pain in shutting down one's feelings, and there is pain in the risk of opening oneself up again. He impossibly tries to avoid pains that are inevitable for human mortals while they live.

　　Lack of Authority Figures

　　Holden is profoundly alone. His parents are absent except for insisting that he progress along a conventional path and stay in school as long as he can before he is kicked out or tires of each institution. His parents do not let him regroup but send him off to the next school. At Pencey, Holden finds no adult to trust with his feelings; most people everywhere are phony. Some adults even seem so selfish that they are willing to abuse children. Overall, Holden views adults with intense disappointment, even cynicism. How is it that the older they get, the farther from authenticity they get? Meanwhile, the gradual deterioration of the body disgusts him. Upon visiting an old professor, much of his thoughts are dedicated to the awfulness of the old man's body. There is no allure in growing older.

　　Authority does not seem related to wisdom, either. Adults tell Holden to find direction and thus stability, but he views such advice as both suspicious and na?ve; playing such a game is inauthentic. Going his own way autonomously, as a law unto himself, does not work out so well either, so it is unclear where Holden might find legitimate authority.

　　Loneliness

　　Holden is very lonely, and his adolescent loneliness seems to run much deeper than the feelings so commonly felt at that age. He admits to his loneliness openly, and it gives him evidence that perhaps he might still have some emotions left. At the same time, Holden takes few steps to mitigate his loneliness. Whenever he feels the urge to meet someone, to call up a girl, to have a social experience, he ends up sabotaging it before he can get hurt. He thus protects himself so fully that he effectively shuts off any possibilities of alleviating his own loneliness. He might want to call Jane, for example, but he hangs up before she gets on the phone. He might want to sleep with a prostitute to feel human comfort, but this will not do. He might want to interact with friends at a bar, but he ends up saying something hurtful so that they abandon him. Pushing them away provides a deeper and deeper loneliness, but at these moments of choice he is willing to endure it rather than eventually face the ultimate, devastating loneliness of losing another person like Allie.

2. 如何写英文论文

一、论点明确
一篇好的文章应该有一个好的开始，学术类论文也是一样。所谓好的开始不仅是要对论题涉及的学术领域有一个宏观的概括和理解，更重要的是要点明确，整篇论文的重点和论点突出。
“论”是一篇论文最重要的一个方面。 Thesis Statement(论点陈述)一定要交代清楚整篇文章的Structure(结构)和Purpose(目的)。比如，这篇文章用到了哪些理论知识，将会对哪些理论作出批判等等。这样，就会给看论文的老师一个很鲜明的整体印象，了解你整篇文章的目的和价值。
二、理论支持和批判缺一不可
虽然说论文是个人对某一领域研究的最后报告，应该全部是个人的理解和看法，但是全无理论支持的分析，天马行空的随意阐述是绝对不行的。因为我们还没有到达一个可以自己做调查研究的阶段。相反，大篇的理论陈述，毫无个人分析的论文也同样得不到高分，就算对理论的理解和描述没有任何错误，也只能算是靠书本累砌的平平之作。所以，学术论文的写作一定要既有理论支持又有个人批判，两个方面缺一不可。
三、举例论证
作为海外留学生，语言永远是一个很难攻克的堡垒，这点在写作上尤为明显。如何才能弱化这个劣势呢？最好的方法就是在论述时巧举例子。鲜明准确的举例说明会令枯燥的阐述变得生动，也能体现你对理论的理解和运用，可以使文章增色不少。
四、合理安排时间
作为学生，每个人都有过赶作业的经历。如果掌握了学习方法，在短时间内“赶”出一篇相对来说比较好的论文也不是没有可能，但这种做法是绝对不提倡的。由于英语不是我们的母语，所以在写论文的时候我们是需要时间反复检查语法，拼写和用词，检查语言是否流畅，表达是否清楚，是否运用学术语言也是平分的标准。如果一篇条理清楚，论点鲜明的论文因为语法而丢分是很可惜的。另外，如果有时间，还可以在段与段之间加一个过渡段，承上启下，这样会令整篇文章更加连贯，更有逻辑性。
对于每一个学生来说，考试，写论文都是家常便饭，但很多人都把这些“指定动作”当作是个“苦差事”，一提就头疼。其实写论文也并不只是啃书本这么枯燥，倘若真要在写作时遇到了瓶颈，“憋”不出来了，可以暂时把论文放一放，看看电影、听听音乐、逛逛街，都可以看作是对写论文有帮助的活动。如果真是遇到了什么想不通的问题，不妨和老师朋友多聊一聊，其他人的建议也会提供灵感。

3. 英国留学生撰写英文论文需要帮助

华译网的英文论文撰写在同行业中属于前列的了，远胜与别家。
   价格比较适中。 从华译网翻译公司网站上能查到他们的翻译价格表，里面的笔译价格适合于学术论文翻译，即英译中 每千字150-180元，中译英每千字160-220元，如果需要外籍校对则另外加每千字180元：
     华译网不仅翻译质量可靠，而且翻译速度很快，他们使用的全部是职业化的翻译人员，是一批擅长做翻译，专门以此为职业的资深翻译人员。
      他们选聘译员的标准非常高，要求译者不仅具备优秀的中英水平，还必须具备深厚的学术背景和专业技术背景，所有项目都安排专业对口的学术型译者承担.
是个十分不错的选择，希望可以帮到你

4. 论文英语摘要求帮忙

In history, mankind has made many great achievements. Let people and animals have a different is a communicative tool, language text and a crucial communication tool is used to record language. Chinese characters as a text, as a big milestone in Chinese culture, left a deep impression to the world. The author with "Wu" word, for example, the author structure and development of Chinese characters. This research main conclusion is as follows: use "squash" the word itself rule to confirm the rule of Chinese characters structure and development. 
Key words: Chinese characters glyph "wu"

5. 英语论文

Oliver Twist

Oliver Twist, one of the most famous works of Charles Dickens’, is a novel reflecting the tragic fact of the life in Britain in 18th century.

The author who himself was born in a poor family wrote this novel in his twenties with a view to reveal the ugly masks of those cruel criminals and to expose the horror and violence hidden underneath the narrow and dirty streets in London.

The hero of this novel was Oliver Twist, an orphan, who was thrown into a world full of poverty and crime. He suffered enormous pain, such as hunger, thirst, beating and abuse. While reading the tragic experiences of the little Oliver, I was shocked by his sufferings. I felt for the poor boy, but at the same time I detested the evil Fagin and the brutal Bill. To my relief, as was written in all the best stories, the goodness eventually conquered devil and Oliver lived a happy life in the end. One of the plots that attracted me most is that after the theft, little Oliver was allowed to recover in the kind care of Mrs. Maylie and Rose and began a new life. He went for walks with them, or Rose read to him, and he worked hard at his lessons. He felt as if he had left behind forever the world of crime and hardship and poverty.

How can such a little boy who had already suffered oppressive affliction remain pure in body and mind? The reason is the nature of goodness. I think it is the most important information implied in the novel by Dickens-he believed that goodness could conquer every difficulty. Although I don’t think goodness is omnipotent, yet I do believe that those who are kind-hearted live more happily than those who are evil-minded.

For me, the nature of goodness is one of the most necessary character for a person. Goodness is to humans what water is to fish. He who is without goodness is an utterly worthless person. On the contrary, as the famous saying goes, ‘The fragrance always stays in the hand that gives the rose’, he who is with goodness undoubtedly is a happy and useful person. People receiving his help are grateful to him and he also gets gratified from what he has done, and thus he can do good to both the people he has helped and himself.

To my disappointment, nowadays some people seem to doubt the existence of the goodness in humanity. They look down on people’s honesty and kindness, thinking it foolish of people to be warm-hearted. As a result, they show no sympathy to those who are in trouble and seldom offer to help others. On the other hand, they attach importance to money and benefit. In their opinion, money is the only real object while emotions and morality are nihility. If they cannot get profit from showing their ‘kindness’, they draw back when others are faced with trouble and even hit a man when he is down. They are one of the sorts that I really detest.

Francis Bacon said in his essay, ‘Goodness, of all virtues and dignities of the mind, is the greatest, being the character of the Deity, and without it, man is a busy, mischievous, wretched thing, no better than a kind of vermin.’

That is to say a person without goodness is destined to lose everything. Therefore, I, a kind person, want to tell those ‘vermin-to-be’ to learn from the kind Oliver and regain the nature of goodness.

6. 英语论文

这是篇讨论一篇预防近视的文章  
Evaluation of Material
Title of source: http://www.ArticleBlast.com 
Author:homas Carter
Published:homas Carter
Date published:April 13, 2010
Source URL: 
http://www.ArticleBlast.com 
http://www.articleblast.com/Health_and_Excercise/Fitness_Equipment/We_Should_Do_Something_to_Protect_Our_Eyes/

The article, entitled "We Should Do Something to Protect Our Eyes" was taken from http://www.ArticleBlast.com . It was published on 13th of April in 2010 which is very recent. The article writes about the reasons contributing to eye diseases. It also provides ways to protect one's eyesight.  As the information is factual, it is reliable and relevant to our project about myopia. 

In this article, the author claims that not to read in the dark and keep our work environment good for our eyes. This point is useful in helping us to prevent the myopia. As such,our group has chosen to have a lesson about how to protect eyesight in primary school each week. In today's world, many children like to read book in the bed. It is bad habit for us to protect our eyesight. The work environment affects our eyesight directly. Therefore make sure we are in the right circumstances when reading or working. However, pay attention on work environment just can prevent the myopia. It cannot relax our eyes, so we also cannot do long time work. Children always ignore to protect their eyesight and do not know how to protect their eyesight. Hence, I think we can put these reasons into this lesson and teach primary school students do not let the light irradiate directly into our eyes and avoid working under twinkling light. They can though it to learn more knowledge about eyesight. However, this lesson just can make children to know more about eyesight knowledge.It will be short of practice.

The writer also states that we should have a rest for eyes when we do work for long time. This point has offered us some useful thoughts when designing our strategies on how to relax our eyes. As a result, we would like to propose make a TV programme to teach children how can we protect our eyesight. After we finished long time study, our eyes will feel strained. A small break will absolutely relieve eye stresses and prevent eyes from disorders. Yet, it just can relieve the tiredness of eyes to relax our eyes.It cannot make our eyesight healthier. We can tell children to practice on the spot programme, like closing eyes a few seconds and watching far-away objects. Finally, we can organize all children to do exercise of eyesight protection together. I think this interactive can make children learn it quickly. However, we just can organize this kind of progamme each three weeks.

Another useful piece of information in the article is that we can attention to eat more vegetable to protect our eyesight. This idea provided us with a new way of advise people how to keep eyesight fit. Most of people always ignore that food also can keep our eyesight healthy. Actually, people always like to eat meat and just eat little vegetables. However, The nutriments contained by most vegetables are the important factors of eye protection. But it just good for our eyesight, if we have already shortsighted,it cannot help us to treat it. Our group decides to plan that we can engage professional oculist come to primary school and help student to check eyesight. Also,a mobile “EYE BUS” can be sent to primary schools more often to conduct eye checks. When we finish the check, we can prepare a big meal of vegetable. I think it can make children deepen the impression. However, it just check children's eyesight whether become more serious. 

7. 谁能提供一下英文论文

本文通过实验的方法测量了侧边抛磨光纤抛磨区覆盖不同折射率液光纤传输的特性,测量了不同光波波长的侧边抛磨光纤存在着波长相关损耗,深度研究了不同抛磨深度的侧边抛磨光纤,得出的实验结果并与理论计算相比较,且实验结果与理论计算结果吻合。 
侧边抛磨光纤中传输光功率会随侧边抛磨区覆盖折射率液的改变而改变。针对侧边抛磨光纤的抛磨区长度为10mm或20mmm时,侧边抛磨光纤的抛磨区覆盖折射率液的变化情况：覆盖材料的折射率从1.300变化到1.450时,传输光功率的损耗会并不是随折射率的增大而增大；覆盖材料的折射率从1.450变化到1.458时,传输光功率的损耗会随折射率的增大而明显增大,覆盖材料的折射率从1.458变化到1.462时,传输光功率的损耗会随折射率的增大而迅速增大,当覆盖材料的折射率大于1.464以后,针对抛磨区长度为10mm或20mm的侧边抛磨光纤,两者出现了不同的情况。同一根侧边抛磨光纤,抛磨区覆盖相同的折射率液时,工作波长为1550nmm的光功率损耗比波长为1310nm的光功率损耗更小。保持光源输出的光功率及侧边抛磨光纤抛磨区覆盖的折射率液不变,改变光源输出的光波波长,侧边抛磨光纤的光功率损耗并不是随光波波长的增大而增大,侧边抛磨光纤中传输的光功率存在波长相关损耗。 
针对不同深度的侧边抛磨光纤,侧边抛磨光纤的抛磨区长度为10mm时,保持抛磨区覆盖折射率液固定,侧边抛磨光纤随着抛磨深度的增加,其传输光功率的损耗就不断的增大,两者呈递增的关系。侧边抛磨光纤的抛磨区长度为20mm,保持抛磨区覆盖折射率液固定,侧边抛磨光纤并不是抛磨深度越深,损耗就越大,两者不成线性关系。侧边抛磨光纤的抛磨区长度为20mmm时,侧边抛磨光纤的抛磨区裸露在空气中时,侧边抛磨光纤的光功率损耗会随剩余包层厚度的减小而增大；但是在抛磨区覆盖折射率液时,侧边抛磨光纤的传输光功率损耗并不是剩余包层厚度的减小而增大。
 
 in this article, through the experimental method of measuring the side threw the grinding fiber mill area covers the characteristics of different refractive index liquid optical fiber transmission, measured the side effection of different wavelength optical wavelength related loss, threw the grinding depth of side depth study of different grinding fiber, it is concluded that the experimental results and compared with theoretical calculation, and the experimental results and theoretical calculation results.The side effection in the optical fiber transmission light power over the side effection area coverage of the change of liquid refractive index.Threw the grinding fiber for side grinding zone length of 10 or 20 mm MMM, threw the grinding fiber side grinding area coverage of the change of liquid refractive index: cover material of the refractive index changes from 1.300 to 1.450, the transmission of light power loss will not with the refractive index increases;Cover material of the refractive index changes from 1.450 to 1.458, the transmission loss of optical power will increase along with the augment of refractive index obviously, cover material of the refractive index changes from 1.458 to 1.462, the transmission of light power loss increases quickly with the increase of the refractive index and, when the refractive index of a cover material is greater than 1.464, for cast grinding zone length is 10 mm or 20 mm side grinding fiber, both the different situations.Threw the grinding optical fiber, the same root side grinding area covering the same refractive index liquid, working wavelength of 1550 NMM optical power loss than the wavelength of 1310 nm light power loss is smaller.Light output optical power and threw the grinding fiber side grinding area covering the refractive index of liquid is constant, change the wavelength light source output, the side effection of fiber optical power loss is not as wavelength increases, the side effection in the optical fiber transmission wavelength light power existence related loss.According to different depth of side grinding optical fiber, the side effection the effection of the fiber length of 10 mm, keep throwing grinding area covering liquid refractive index is fixed, the side effection fiber with the increase of grinding depth, the transmission loss of optical power is constantly increasing, increasing the relationship between both.Threw the grinding fiber side grinding zone length of 20 mm, keep throwing grinding area covering liquid refractive index is fixed, the side cast fiber is not cast grinding depth, the greater the loss, not a linear relationship between both.Threw the grinding fiber side grinding zone length of 20 MMM, threw the grinding fiber side grinding area exposed in air, the side effection of fiber optical power loss over the remaining increase with the decrease of the cladding thickness;But in throwing the grinding area covers the refractive index liquid, the side effection of optical fiber transmission optical power loss is not surplus increase with the decrease of the cladding thickness.
【如果满意，请采纳，谢谢！】

8. 谁能帮我写一篇英语论文？

英语论文格式及写作规范
语言和内容是评判一篇英语论文质量高低的重要依据；但是,写作格式规范与否亦是一个不可忽略的衡量标准。因此,规范英语论文的格式,使之与国际学术惯例接轨,对我们从事英语教学,英语论文写作,促进国际学术交流都具有重要意义。由于英语论文写作规范随学科不同而各有所异,本文拟就人文类学科英语论文的主要组成部分,概述美国教育界、学术界通行的人文类英语论文写作规范,以供读者参考、仿效。 

一、英语论文的标题
一篇较长的英语论文(如英语毕业论文)一般都需要标题页,其书写格式如下:第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一,与下行(通常为by,居中)的距离则为5cm,第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期(均居中)。如果该篇英语论文是学生针对某门课程而写,则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名(如:Dr./Prof.C.Prager)及本门课程的编号或名称(如:English 734或British Novel)。打印时,如无特殊要求,每一行均需double space,即隔行打印,行距约为0.6cm(论文其他部分行距同此)。

就学生而言,如果英语论文篇幅较短,亦可不做标题页(及提纲页),而将标题页的内容打在正文第一页的左上方。第一行为作者姓名,与打印纸顶端距离约为2.5cm,以下各行依次为教师学衔和姓、课程编号(或名称)及日期；各行左边上下对齐,并留出2.5cm左右的页边空白(下同)。接下来便是论文标题及正文(日期与标题之间及标题与正文第一行之间只需隔行打印,不必留出更多空白)。 

二、英语论文提纲
英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身,其规范格式如下:先在第一行(与打印纸顶端的距离仍为2.5cm左右)的始端打上 Thesis 一词及冒号,空一格后再打论题句,回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出,次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。各数字或字母后均为一句点,空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母；处于同一等级的纲目,其上下行左边必须对齐。需要注意的是,同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上,即:有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ,有A应有B,以此类推。如果英文论文提纲较长,需两页纸,则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码,即ii(第一页无需标页码)。

三、英语论文正文
有标题页和提纲页的英语论文,其正文第一页的规范格式为:论文标题居中,其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm,距正文第一行约1.5cm。段首字母须缩进五格,即从第六格打起。正文第一页不必标页码(但应计算其页数),自第二页起,必须在每页的右上角(即空出第一行,在其后部)打上论文作者的姓,空一格后再用阿拉伯数字标出页码；阿拉伯数字(或其最后一位)应为该行的最后一个空格。在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式,即:句末号(句号、问号及感叹号)后应空两格,其他标点符号后则空一格。

四、英语论文的文中引述
正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英语论文的重要环节；既要注意引述与论文的有机统一,即其逻辑性,又要注意引述格式 （即英语论文参考文献）的规范性。引述别人的观点,可以直接引用,也可以间接引用。无论采用何种方式,论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处。目前美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处。现针对文中引述的不同情况,将部分规范格式分述如下。

1.若引文不足三行,则可将引文有机地融合在论文中。如:

The divorce of Arnold's personal desire from his inheritance results in “the familiar picture of Victorian man alone in an alien universe”(Roper9). 

这里,圆括弧中的Roper为引文作者的姓(不必注出全名)；阿拉伯数字为引文出处的页码(不要写成p.9)；作者姓与页码之间需空一格,但不需任何标点符号；句号应置于第二个圆括弧后。

2.被引述的文字如果超过三行,则应将引文与论文文字分开,如下例所示:

Whitman has proved himself an eminent democratic representative and precursor, and his “Democratic Vistas” 
is an admirable and characteristic 
diatribe. And if one is sorry that in it 
Whitman is unable to conceive the
extreme crises of society, one is certain 
that no society would be tolerable whoses 
citizens could not find refreshment in its 
buoyant democratic idealism.(Chase 165) 

这里的格式有两点要加以注意。一是引文各行距英语论文的左边第一个字母十个空格,即应从第十一格打起；二是引文不需加引号,末尾的句号应标在最后一个词后。

3.如需在引文中插注,对某些词语加以解释,则要使用方括号(不可用圆括弧)。如:

Dr.Beaman points out that“he [Charles Darw in] has been an important factor in the debate between evolutionary theory and biblical creationism”(9).

值得注意的是,本例中引文作者的姓已出现在引导句中,故圆括弧中只需注明引文出处的页码即可。

4.如果拟引用的文字中有与论文无关的词语需要删除,则需用省略号。如果省略号出现在引文中则用三个点,如出现在引文末,则用四个点,最后一点表示句号,置于第二个圆括弧后(一般说来,应避免在引文开头使用省略号)；点与字母之间,或点与点之间都需空一格。如:

Mary Shelley hated tyranny and“looked upon the poor as pathetic victims of the social system and upon the rich and highborn...with undisguised scorn and contempt...(Nitchie 43).

5.若引文出自一部多卷书,除注明作者姓和页码外,还需注明卷号。如:

Professor Chen Jia's A History of English Literature aimed to give Chinese readers“a historical survey of English literature from its earliest beginnings down to the 20thcentury”(Chen,1:i).